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help: remove local homebrew help
Signed-off-by: Shengqi Chen <harry-chen@outlook.com>
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Shengqi Chen
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---
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category: help
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layout: help
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mirrorid: homebrew
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---
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## Homebrew / Linuxbrew 镜像使用帮助
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**注：该镜像是 Homebrew / Linuxbrew 源程序以及 formula / cask 索引的镜像（即 `brew update` 时所更新内容）。本镜像站同时提供相应的二进制预编译包的镜像，请参考 [Homebrew bottles 镜像使用帮助](https://{{ site.hostname }}/help/homebrew-bottles/)**
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本站提供了 <https://github.com/Homebrew> 组织下的以下 `repo`：`brew`, `homebrew-core`, `homebrew-cask`, `homebrew-cask-fonts`, `homebrew-cask-versions`, `homebrew-command-not-found`, `homebrew-services`, `install`。
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_注：自brew 3.3.0 (2021 年 10 月 25日) 起，Linuxbrew 核心仓库 `linuxbrew-core` 已被弃用。Linuxbrew 用户应迁移至 `homebrew-core`，并请依本镜像使用帮助重新设置镜像。具体请参阅本帮助 `Linuxbrew 镜像迁移说明` 章节。_
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_注：自brew 4.0.0 (2023 年 2 月 16日) 起，`HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API` 会成为默认行为，无需设置。大部分用户无需再克隆 `homebrew-core` 仓库，故无需设置 `HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE` 环境变量；但若需要运行 `brew` 的开发命令或者 `brew` 安装在非官方支持的默认 prefix 位置，则仍需设置 `HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE` 环境变量。如果不想通过 API 安装，可以设置 `HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1`。_
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_注：自brew 4.0.22 (2023 年 6 月 12 日) 起，`homebrew-cask-drivers` 已被弃用，所有 cask 合并至 `homebrew-cask` 仓库。本帮助内已移除克隆 `homebrew-cask-drivers` 仓库的命令。已克隆用户可选择运行 `brew untap homebrew/cask-drivers` 命令移除此仓库。_
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### 日常使用
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可设置如下环境变量使用本站提供的 Homebrew 镜像：
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```bash
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export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles/api"
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export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles"
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export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/brew.git"
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export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
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export HOMEBREW_PIP_INDEX_URL="https://{{ site.pypi }}/simple"
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```
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### 首次安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew
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首先，需要确保系统中安装了 bash、git 和 curl，对于 macOS 用户需额外要求安装 Command Line Tools (CLT) for Xcode。
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- 对于 macOS 用户，系统自带 bash、git 和 curl，在命令行输入 `xcode-select --install` 安装 CLT for Xcode 即可。
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- 对于 Linux 用户，系统自带 bash，仅需额外安装 git 和 curl。
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接着，在终端输入以下几行命令设置环境变量：
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```bash
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export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API=1
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export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles/api"
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export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles"
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export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/brew.git"
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export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
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```
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_注：自 `brew` 4.0 起，`HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API` 会成为默认行为，无需设置；大部分用户无需再克隆 homebrew/core 仓库，故无需设置 `HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE` 环境变量。但若需要运行 `brew` 的开发命令或者 `brew` 安装在非官方支持的默认 prefix 位置，则仍需设置 `HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE` 环境变量；如果不想通过 API 安装，可以设置 `HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1`。_
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最后，在终端运行以下命令以安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew：
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```bash
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# 从本镜像下载安装脚本并安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew
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git clone --depth=1 https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install
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/bin/bash brew-install/install.sh
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rm -rf brew-install
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# 也可从 GitHub 获取官方安装脚本安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew
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/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://github.com/Homebrew/install/raw/master/install.sh)"
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```
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这样在首次安装的时候也可以使用镜像。更多信息请参考 [Homebrew 官方安装文档](https://docs.brew.sh/Installation)。
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_* 安装成功后需将 brew 程序的相关路径加入到环境变量中：_
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- _以下针对基于 Apple Silicon CPU 设备上的 macOS 系统（命令行运行 `uname -m` 应输出 `arm64`）上的 Homebrew：_
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```bash
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test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zprofile
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```
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_对基于 Intel CPU 设备上的 macOS 系统（命令行运行 `uname -m` 应输出 `x86_64`）的用户可跳过本步。_
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- _以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew：_
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```bash
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test -d ~/.linuxbrew && eval "$(~/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
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test -d /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew && eval "$(/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
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test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo "eval \"\$($(brew --prefix)/bin/brew shellenv)\"" >> ~/.bash_profile
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test -r ~/.profile && echo "eval \"\$($(brew --prefix)/bin/brew shellenv)\"" >> ~/.profile
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test -r ~/.zprofile && echo "eval \"\$($(brew --prefix)/bin/brew shellenv)\"" >> ~/.zprofile
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```
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_参考了 [https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux)。_
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### 替换现有仓库上游
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替换 brew 程序本身的源，Homebrew / Linuxbrew 相同：
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```bash
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export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles/api"
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export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/brew.git"
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brew update
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```
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以下针对 macOS 系统上的 Homebrew：
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```bash
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# 手动设置
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export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
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# 注：自 brew 4.0 起，大部分 Homebrew 用户无需设置 homebrew/core 和 homebrew/cask 镜像，只需设置 HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN 即可。
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# 如果需要使用 Homebrew 的开发命令 (如 `brew cat <formula>`)，则仍然需要设置 homebrew/core 和 homebrew/cask 镜像。
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# 请按需执行如下两行命令：
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/core https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
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# 除 homebrew/core 和 homebrew/cask 仓库外的 tap 仓库仍然需要设置镜像
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-fonts https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/cask-versions https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions.git
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/command-not-found https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/services https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-services.git
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brew update
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# 或使用下面的几行命令自动设置
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export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
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for tap in core cask{,-fonts,-versions} command-not-found services; do
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update "homebrew/${tap}" "https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-${tap}.git"
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done
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brew update
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```
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以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew：
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```bash
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export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
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# 注：自 brew 4.0 起，使用默认 prefix (即 "/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew") 的大部分 Homebrew 用户无需设置 homebrew/core 镜像，只需设置 HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN 即可。
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# 如果不是默认 prefix 或者需要使用 Homebrew 的开发命令 (如 `brew cat <formula>`)，则仍然需要设置 homebrew/core 镜像。
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# 请按需执行如下命令：
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/core https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
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# 除 homebrew/core 仓库外的 tap 仓库仍然需要设置镜像
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/command-not-found https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/services https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-services.git
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brew update
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```
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**注：如果用户设置了环境变量 `HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE` 和 `HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE`，则每次执行 `brew update` 时，`brew` 程序本身和 Core Tap (`homebrew-core`) 的远程将被自动设置。推荐用户将这两个环境变量设置加入 shell 的 profile 设置中。**
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```bash
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test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles/api"' >> ~/.bash_profile # bash
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test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/brew.git"' >> ~/.bash_profile # bash
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test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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test -r ~/.profile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles/api"' >> ~/.profile
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test -r ~/.profile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/brew.git"' >> ~/.profile
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test -r ~/.profile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> ~/.profile
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test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://{{ site.hostname }}/homebrew-bottles/api"' >> ~/.zprofile # zsh
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test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/brew.git"' >> ~/.zprofile # zsh
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test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> ~/.zprofile
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```
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### Linuxbrew 镜像迁移说明
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Linuxbrew 核心仓库（`linuxbrew-core`）自 2021 年 10 月 25 日（`brew` 版本 3.3.0 起）被弃用，Linuxbrew 用户应迁移至 `homebrew-core`。Linuxbrew 用户请依新版镜像说明重新设置镜像。注意迁移前请先运行 `brew update` 将 `brew` 更新至 3.3.0 或以上版本。迁移过程中若出现任何问题，可使用如下命令重新安装 `homebrew-core`：
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```bash
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export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
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rm -rf "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)"
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brew tap --custom-remote --force-auto-update homebrew/core https://{{ site.hostname }}/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
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```
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### 复原仓库上游
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_(感谢 Snowonion Lee 提供说明)_
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- 以下针对 macOS 系统上的 Homebrew
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```bash
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# brew 程序本身，Homebrew / Linuxbrew 相同
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unset HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE
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git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
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# 以下针对 macOS 系统上的 Homebrew
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unset HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN
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unset HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE
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BREW_TAPS="$(BREW_TAPS="$(brew tap 2>/dev/null)"; echo -n "${BREW_TAPS//$'\n'/:}")"
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for tap in core cask{,-fonts,-versions} command-not-found services; do
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if [[ ":${BREW_TAPS}:" == *":homebrew/${tap}:"* ]]; then # 只复原已安装的 Tap
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brew tap --custom-remote "homebrew/${tap}" "https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-${tap}"
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fi
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done
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# 重新拉取远程
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brew update
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```
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- 以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew
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```bash
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# brew 程序本身，Homebrew / Linuxbrew 相同
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unset HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE
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git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
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# 以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew
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unset HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN
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unset HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE
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brew tap --custom-remote homebrew/core https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core
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brew tap --custom-remote homebrew/command-not-found https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found
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brew tap --custom-remote homebrew/services https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-services
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# 重新拉取远程
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brew update
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```
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**注：重置回默认远程后，用户应该删除 shell 的 profile 设置中的环境变量 `HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE` 和 `HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE` 以免运行 `brew update` 时远程再次被更换。**
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