feat(core): New siteConfig `future.experimental_vcs` API + `future.experimental_faster.gitEagerVcs` flag (#11512)

Co-authored-by: slorber <749374+slorber@users.noreply.github.com>
2025-12-25 17:22:50 +00:00 · 2025-11-14 18:15:45 +01:00 · 2025-11-14 18:15:45 +01:00 · acc66c14b0
parent a24b8ad5ed
commit acc66c14b0
58 changed files with 2386 additions and 720 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build-blog-only.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-blog-only.yml
@ -32,3 +32,5 @@ jobs:
        run: yarn || yarn || yarn
      - name: Build blog-only
        run: yarn workspace website build:blogOnly
+        env:
+          DOCUSAURUS_PERF_LOGGER: 'true'
--- a/.github/workflows/build-hash-router.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-hash-router.yml
@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build Hash Router
        run: yarn build:website:fast
        env:
+          DOCUSAURUS_PERF_LOGGER: 'true'
          DOCUSAURUS_ROUTER: 'hash'
          # Note: hash router + baseUrl do not play well together
          # This would host at https://facebook.github.io/docusaurus/#/docusaurus/
--- a/.github/workflows/build-perf.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-perf.yml
@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ jobs:
          comment-key: DOCUSAURUS_INFRA_${{ matrix.DOCUSAURUS_INFRA }}
        env:
          DOCUSAURUS_SLOWER: ${{ matrix.DOCUSAURUS_INFRA == 'SLOWER' && 'true' || 'false'  }}
+          DOCUSAURUS_PERF_LOGGER: 'true'

  # Ensures build times stay under reasonable thresholds
  build-time:
@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ jobs:
        timeout-minutes: ${{ matrix.DOCUSAURUS_INFRA == 'SLOWER' && 3 || 2  }}
        env:
          DOCUSAURUS_SLOWER: ${{ matrix.DOCUSAURUS_INFRA == 'SLOWER' && 'true' || 'false'  }}
+          DOCUSAURUS_PERF_LOGGER: 'true'

      # Ensure build with a warm cache does not increase too much
      - name: Build (warm cache)
@ -96,5 +98,6 @@ jobs:
        timeout-minutes: ${{ matrix.DOCUSAURUS_INFRA == 'SLOWER' && 1 || 2  }}
        env:
          DOCUSAURUS_SLOWER: ${{ matrix.DOCUSAURUS_INFRA == 'SLOWER' && 'true' || 'false'  }}
+          DOCUSAURUS_PERF_LOGGER: 'true'

    # TODO post a GitHub comment with build with perf warnings?
--- a/.github/workflows/tests-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests-windows.yml
@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ jobs:
        run: yarn workspace website test:swizzle:wrap:ts
      - name: Docusaurus Build
        run: yarn build:website:fast
+        env:
+          DOCUSAURUS_PERF_LOGGER: 'true'

      - name: TypeCheck website
        # see https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10486
--- a/jest/deps.d.ts
+++ b/jest/deps.d.ts
@ -12,8 +12,3 @@ declare module 'to-vfile' {

  export function read(path: string, encoding?: string): Promise<VFile>;
 }
-
-declare module '@testing-utils/git' {
-  const createTempRepo: typeof import('./utils/git').createTempRepo;
-  export {createTempRepo};
-}
--- a/jest/snapshotPathNormalizer.ts
+++ b/jest/snapshotPathNormalizer.ts
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ function normalizePaths<T>(value: T): T {
    (val) => val.split(cwdReal).join('<PROJECT_ROOT>'),
    (val) => val.split(cwd).join('<PROJECT_ROOT>'),

-    // Replace home directory with <TEMP_DIR>
+    // Replace temp directory with <TEMP_DIR>
    (val) => val.split(tempDirReal).join('<TEMP_DIR>'),
    (val) => val.split(tempDir).join('<TEMP_DIR>'),

--- a/jest/utils/git.ts
+++ b/jest/utils/git.ts
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-import fs from 'fs-extra';
-import os from 'os';
-import path from 'path';
-import shell from 'shelljs';
-
-class Git {
-  constructor(private dir: string) {
-    const res = shell.exec('git init', {cwd: dir, silent: true});
-    if (res.code !== 0) {
-      throw new Error(`git init exited with code ${res.code}.
-stderr: ${res.stderr}
-stdout: ${res.stdout}`);
-    }
-    // Doesn't matter currently
-    shell.exec('git config user.email "test@jc-verse.com"', {
-      cwd: dir,
-      silent: true,
-    });
-    shell.exec('git config user.name "Test"', {cwd: dir, silent: true});
-
-    shell.exec('git commit --allow-empty -m "First commit"', {
-      cwd: dir,
-      silent: true,
-    });
-  }
-  commit(msg: string, date: string, author: string): void {
-    const addRes = shell.exec('git add .', {cwd: this.dir, silent: true});
-    const commitRes = shell.exec(
-      `git commit -m "${msg}" --date "${date}T00:00:00Z" --author "${author}"`,
-      {
-        cwd: this.dir,
-        env: {GIT_COMMITTER_DATE: `${date}T00:00:00Z`},
-        silent: true,
-      },
-    );
-    if (addRes.code !== 0) {
-      throw new Error(`git add exited with code ${addRes.code}.
-stderr: ${addRes.stderr}
-stdout: ${addRes.stdout}`);
-    }
-    if (commitRes.code !== 0) {
-      throw new Error(`git commit exited with code ${commitRes.code}.
-stderr: ${commitRes.stderr}
-stdout: ${commitRes.stdout}`);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// This function is sync so the same mock repo can be shared across tests
-export function createTempRepo(): {repoDir: string; git: Git} {
-  const repoDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'git-test-repo'));
-
-  const git = new Git(repoDir);
-
-  return {repoDir, git};
-}
--- a/packages/create-docusaurus/package.json
+++ b/packages/create-docusaurus/package.json
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
    "@docusaurus/logger": "3.9.2",
    "@docusaurus/utils": "3.9.2",
    "commander": "^5.1.0",
-    "execa": "5.1.1",
+    "execa": "^5.1.1",
    "fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
    "lodash": "^4.17.21",
    "prompts": "^2.4.2",
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog/src/tests/feed.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog/src/tests/feed.test.ts
@ -8,7 +8,10 @@
 import {jest} from '@jest/globals';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs-extra';
-import {DEFAULT_PARSE_FRONT_MATTER} from '@docusaurus/utils';
+import {
+  DEFAULT_PARSE_FRONT_MATTER,
+  DEFAULT_VCS_CONFIG,
+} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {fromPartial} from '@total-typescript/shoehorn';
 import {normalizePluginOptions} from '@docusaurus/utils-validation';
 import tree from 'tree-node-cli';
@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ function getBlogContentPaths(siteDir: string): BlogContentPaths {
 }

 async function testGenerateFeeds(
-  context: LoadContext,
+  contextInput: LoadContext,
  optionsInput: Options,
 ): Promise<void> {
  const options = validateOptions({
@ -62,6 +65,17 @@ async function testGenerateFeeds(
    options: optionsInput,
  });

+  const context: LoadContext = {
+    ...contextInput,
+    siteConfig: {
+      ...contextInput.siteConfig,
+      future: {
+        ...contextInput.siteConfig?.future,
+        experimental_vcs: DEFAULT_VCS_CONFIG,
+      },
+    },
+  };
+
  const contentPaths = getBlogContentPaths(context.siteDir);
  const authorsMap = await getAuthorsMap({
    contentPaths,
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog/src/tests/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog/src/tests/index.test.ts
@ -8,12 +8,7 @@
 import {jest} from '@jest/globals';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import {normalizePluginOptions} from '@docusaurus/utils-validation';
-import {
-  posixPath,
-  getFileCommitDate,
-  LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK,
-  getLocaleConfig,
-} from '@docusaurus/utils';
+import {posixPath, getLocaleConfig, TEST_VCS} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {DEFAULT_FUTURE_CONFIG} from '@docusaurus/core/src/server/configValidation';
 import pluginContentBlog from '../index';
 import {validateOptions} from '../options';
@ -32,6 +27,10 @@ import type {
  EditUrlFunction,
 } from '@docusaurus/plugin-content-blog';

+async function getFileCreationDate(filePath: string): Promise<Date> {
+  return new Date((await TEST_VCS.getFileCreationInfo(filePath)).timestamp);
+}
+
 const markdown: MarkdownConfig = {
  format: 'mdx',
  mermaid: true,
@ -561,9 +560,7 @@ describe('blog plugin', () => {
    const blogPosts = await getBlogPosts(siteDir);
    const noDateSource = path.posix.join('@site', PluginPath, 'no date.md');
    const noDateSourceFile = path.posix.join(siteDir, PluginPath, 'no date.md');
-    // We know the file exists and we know we have git
-    const result = await getFileCommitDate(noDateSourceFile, {age: 'oldest'});
-    const noDateSourceTime = result.date;
+    const noDateSourceTime = await getFileCreationDate(noDateSourceFile);

    expect({
      ...getByTitle(blogPosts, 'no date').metadata,
@ -674,29 +671,23 @@ describe('last update', () => {
    );
    const {blogPosts} = (await plugin.loadContent!())!;

+    const TestLastUpdate = await TEST_VCS.getFileLastUpdateInfo('any path');
+
    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe('seb');
    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt,
+      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
    );

-    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy,
-    );
+    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(TestLastUpdate.author);
    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt,
+      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
    );

    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe('seb');
-    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
-    );
+    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(TestLastUpdate.timestamp);

-    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy,
-    );
-    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
-    );
+    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(TestLastUpdate.author);
+    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(TestLastUpdate.timestamp);
  });

  it('time only', async () => {
@ -710,29 +701,27 @@ describe('last update', () => {
    );
    const {blogPosts} = (await plugin.loadContent!())!;

-    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.title).toBe('Author');
+    const TestLastUpdate = await TEST_VCS.getFileLastUpdateInfo('any path');
+
+    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.title).toBe('Both');
    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBeUndefined();
    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt,
+      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
    );

-    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.title).toBe('Nothing');
+    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.title).toBe('Last update date');
    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBeUndefined();
    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt,
+      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
    );

-    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.title).toBe('Both');
+    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.title).toBe('Author');
    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
-    );
+    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(TestLastUpdate.timestamp);

-    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.title).toBe('Last update date');
+    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.title).toBe('Nothing');
    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(
-      lastUpdateFor('2021-01-01'),
-    );
+    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBe(TestLastUpdate.timestamp);
  });

  it('author only', async () => {
@ -746,20 +735,18 @@ describe('last update', () => {
    );
    const {blogPosts} = (await plugin.loadContent!())!;

+    const TestLastUpdate = await TEST_VCS.getFileLastUpdateInfo('any path');
+
    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe('seb');
    expect(blogPosts[0]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBeUndefined();

-    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy,
-    );
+    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(TestLastUpdate.author);
    expect(blogPosts[1]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBeUndefined();

    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe('seb');
    expect(blogPosts[2]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBeUndefined();

-    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(
-      LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy,
-    );
+    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedBy).toBe(TestLastUpdate.author);
    expect(blogPosts[3]?.metadata.lastUpdatedAt).toBeUndefined();
  });

--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog/src/blogUtils.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-blog/src/blogUtils.ts
@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import {
  Globby,
  groupTaggedItems,
  getTagVisibility,
-  getFileCommitDate,
  getContentPathList,
  isUnlisted,
  isDraft,
@ -225,6 +224,7 @@ async function processBlogSourceFile(
    siteConfig: {
      baseUrl,
      markdown: {parseFrontMatter},
+      future: {experimental_vcs: vcs},
    },
    siteDir,
    i18n,
@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ async function processBlogSourceFile(
    blogSourceAbsolute,
    options,
    frontMatter.last_update,
+    vcs,
  );

  const draft = isDraft({frontMatter});
@ -285,17 +286,11 @@ async function processBlogSourceFile(
      return parsedBlogFileName.date;
    }

-    try {
-      const result = await getFileCommitDate(blogSourceAbsolute, {
-        age: 'oldest',
-        includeAuthor: false,
-      });
-
-      return result.date;
-    } catch (err) {
-      logger.warn(err);
+    const result = await vcs.getFileCreationInfo(blogSourceAbsolute);
+    if (result == null) {
      return (await fs.stat(blogSourceAbsolute)).birthtime;
    }
+    return new Date(result.timestamp);
  }

  const date = await getDate();
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/src/tests/docs.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/src/tests/docs.test.ts
@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import {
  createSlugger,
  posixPath,
  DEFAULT_PLUGIN_ID,
-  LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK,
  getLocaleConfig,
+  TEST_VCS,
 } from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {getTagsFile} from '@docusaurus/utils-validation';
 import {createSidebarsUtils} from '../sidebars/utils';
@ -529,8 +529,8 @@ describe('simple site', () => {
        custom_edit_url: 'https://github.com/customUrl/docs/lorem.md',
        unrelated_front_matter: "won't be part of metadata",
      },
-      lastUpdatedAt: LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt,
-      lastUpdatedBy: LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy,
+      lastUpdatedAt: TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.timestamp,
+      lastUpdatedBy: TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.author,
      tags: [],
      unlisted: false,
    });
@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ describe('simple site', () => {
        },
        title: 'Last Update Author Only',
      },
-      lastUpdatedAt: LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt,
+      lastUpdatedAt: TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.timestamp,
      lastUpdatedBy: 'Custom Author (processed by parseFrontMatter)',
      sidebarPosition: undefined,
      tags: [],
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/src/docs.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/src/docs.ts
@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ async function doProcessDocMetadata({
    siteDir,
    siteConfig: {
      markdown: {parseFrontMatter},
+      future: {experimental_vcs: vcs},
    },
  } = context;

@ -125,6 +126,7 @@ async function doProcessDocMetadata({
    filePath,
    options,
    lastUpdateFrontMatter,
+    vcs,
  );

  // E.g. api/plugins/myDoc -> myDoc; myDoc -> myDoc
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/src/versions/tests/loadVersion.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/src/versions/tests/loadVersion.test.ts
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import * as path from 'path';
 import {fromPartial} from '@total-typescript/shoehorn';
 import {DEFAULT_PARSE_FRONT_MATTER} from '@docusaurus/utils/src';
+import {DEFAULT_VCS_CONFIG} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {readVersionsMetadata} from '../version';
 import {DEFAULT_OPTIONS} from '../../options';
 import {loadVersion} from '../loadVersion';
@ -37,6 +38,9 @@ async function siteFixture(fixture: string) {
      markdown: {
        parseFrontMatter: DEFAULT_PARSE_FRONT_MATTER,
      },
+      future: {
+        experimental_vcs: DEFAULT_VCS_CONFIG,
+      },
    },
  });

--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-pages/src/content.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-content-pages/src/content.ts
@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ async function processPageSourceFile(
 ): Promise<Metadata | undefined> {
  const {context, options, contentPaths} = params;
  const {siteConfig, baseUrl, siteDir, i18n} = context;
+  const vcs = siteConfig.future.experimental_vcs;
  const {editUrl} = options;

  // Lookup in localized folder in priority
@ -180,6 +181,7 @@ async function processPageSourceFile(
    source,
    options,
    frontMatter.last_update,
+    vcs,
  );

  if (isDraft({frontMatter})) {
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-sitemap/src/tests/createSitemap.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-sitemap/src/tests/createSitemap.test.ts
@ -6,12 +6,14 @@
 */

 import {fromPartial} from '@total-typescript/shoehorn';
+import {DEFAULT_VCS_CONFIG} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import createSitemap from '../createSitemap';
 import type {PluginOptions} from '../options';
 import type {DocusaurusConfig, RouteConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';

 const siteConfig: DocusaurusConfig = fromPartial({
  url: 'https://example.com',
+  future: {experimental_vcs: DEFAULT_VCS_CONFIG},
 });

 const options: PluginOptions = {
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-sitemap/src/tests/createSitemapItem.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-sitemap/src/tests/createSitemapItem.test.ts
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 */

 import {fromPartial} from '@total-typescript/shoehorn';
+import {TEST_VCS} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {createSitemapItem} from '../createSitemapItem';
 import {DEFAULT_OPTIONS} from '../options';
 import type {PluginOptions} from '../options';
@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import type {DocusaurusConfig, RouteConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';

 const siteConfig: DocusaurusConfig = fromPartial({
  url: 'https://example.com',
+  future: {experimental_vcs: TEST_VCS},
 });

 function test(params: {
--- a/packages/docusaurus-plugin-sitemap/src/createSitemapItem.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-plugin-sitemap/src/createSitemapItem.ts
@ -6,16 +6,17 @@
 */

 import {applyTrailingSlash} from '@docusaurus/utils-common';
-import {getLastUpdate, normalizeUrl} from '@docusaurus/utils';
+import {normalizeUrl} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import type {LastModOption, SitemapItem} from './types';
-import type {DocusaurusConfig, RouteConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
+import type {DocusaurusConfig, RouteConfig, VcsConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
 import type {PluginOptions} from './options';

 async function getRouteLastUpdatedAt(
  route: RouteConfig,
+  vcs: Pick<VcsConfig, 'getFileLastUpdateInfo'>,
 ): Promise<number | null | undefined> {
  // Important to bail-out early here
-  // This can lead to duplicated getLastUpdate() calls and performance problems
+  // This can lead to duplicated VCS calls and performance problems
  // See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/11211
  if (route.metadata?.lastUpdatedAt === null) {
    return null;
@ -24,8 +25,10 @@ async function getRouteLastUpdatedAt(
    return route.metadata?.lastUpdatedAt;
  }
  if (route.metadata?.sourceFilePath) {
-    const lastUpdate = await getLastUpdate(route.metadata?.sourceFilePath);
-    return lastUpdate?.lastUpdatedAt ?? null;
+    const lastUpdateInfo = await vcs.getFileLastUpdateInfo(
+      route.metadata?.sourceFilePath,
+    );
+    return lastUpdateInfo?.timestamp ?? null;
  }

  return undefined;
@ -46,14 +49,16 @@ function formatLastmod(timestamp: number, lastmodOption: LastModOption) {
 async function getRouteLastmod({
  route,
  lastmod,
+  vcs,
 }: {
  route: RouteConfig;
  lastmod: LastModOption | null;
+  vcs: Pick<VcsConfig, 'getFileLastUpdateInfo'>;
 }): Promise<string | null> {
  if (lastmod === null) {
    return null;
  }
-  const lastUpdatedAt = (await getRouteLastUpdatedAt(route)) ?? null;
+  const lastUpdatedAt = (await getRouteLastUpdatedAt(route, vcs)) ?? null;
  return lastUpdatedAt ? formatLastmod(lastUpdatedAt, lastmod) : null;
 }

@ -77,6 +82,10 @@ export async function createSitemapItem({
    ]),
    changefreq,
    priority,
-    lastmod: await getRouteLastmod({route, lastmod}),
+    lastmod: await getRouteLastmod({
+      route,
+      lastmod,
+      vcs: siteConfig.future.experimental_vcs,
+    }),
  };
 }
--- a/packages/docusaurus-types/src/config.d.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-types/src/config.d.ts
@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ export type FasterConfig = {
  rspackBundler: boolean;
  rspackPersistentCache: boolean;
  ssgWorkerThreads: boolean;
+  gitEagerVcs: boolean;
 };

 export type FutureV4Config = {
@ -40,6 +41,53 @@ export type FutureV4Config = {
  useCssCascadeLayers: boolean;
 };

+// VCS (Version Control System) info about a given change, e.g., a git commit.
+// The agnostic term "VCS" is used instead of "git" to acknowledge the existence
+// of other version control systems, and external systems like CMSs and i18n
+// translation SaaS (e.g., Crowdin)
+export type VcsChangeInfo = {timestamp: number; author: string};
+
+export type VscInitializeParams = {
+  siteDir: string;
+  // TODO could it be useful to provide all plugins getPathsToWatch() here?
+  //  this could give the opportunity to find out all VCS roots ahead of times
+  //  this is mostly useful for multi-git-repo setups, can be added later
+};
+
+// VCS (Version Control System) config hooks to get file change info.
+// This lets you override and customize the default Docusaurus behavior.
+// This can be useful to optimize calls or when using something else than git
+// See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/issues/11208
+// See https://github.com/e18e/ecosystem-issues/issues/216
+export type VcsConfig = {
+  /**
+   * Initialize the VCS system.
+   * This is notably useful to pre-read eagerly a full Git repository so that
+   * all the files first/last update info can be retrieved efficiently later
+   *
+   * Note: for now, this function is synchronous on purpose, it can be used to
+   * start warming up the VCS by reading eagerly, but we don't want to delay
+   * the rest of the Docusaurus start/build process. Instead of awaiting the
+   * init promise, you can create/store it and await it later during reads.
+   *
+   * @param params Initialization params that can be useful to warm up the VCS
+   */
+  initialize: (params: VscInitializeParams) => void;
+  getFileCreationInfo: (filePath: string) => Promise<VcsChangeInfo | null>;
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: (filePath: string) => Promise<VcsChangeInfo | null>;
+};
+
+/**
+ * List of pre-built VcsConfig that Docusaurus provides.
+ */
+export type VcsPreset =
+  | 'git-ad-hoc'
+  | 'git-eager'
+  | 'hardcoded'
+  | 'disabled'
+  | 'default-v1'
+  | 'default-v2';
+
 export type FutureConfig = {
  /**
   * Turns v4 future flags on
@ -50,6 +98,8 @@ export type FutureConfig = {

  experimental_storage: StorageConfig;

+  experimental_vcs: VcsConfig;
+
  /**
   * Docusaurus can work with 2 router types.
   *
@ -367,6 +417,7 @@ export type Config = Overwrite<
      {
        v4?: boolean | Partial<FutureV4Config>;
        experimental_faster?: boolean | Partial<FasterConfig>;
+        experimental_vcs?: VcsPreset | VcsConfig | boolean;
      }
    >;
  }
--- a/packages/docusaurus-types/src/index.d.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-types/src/index.d.ts
@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ export {
  FutureV4Config,
  FasterConfig,
  StorageConfig,
+  VcsConfig,
+  VcsPreset,
+  VcsChangeInfo,
+  VscInitializeParams,
  Config,
 } from './config';

--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/package.json
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/package.json
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
    "@docusaurus/types": "3.9.2",
    "@docusaurus/utils-common": "3.9.2",
    "escape-string-regexp": "^4.0.0",
-    "execa": "5.1.1",
+    "execa": "^5.1.1",
    "file-loader": "^6.2.0",
    "fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
    "github-slugger": "^1.5.0",
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/fixtures/simple-site/doc
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/fixtures/simple-site/doc
@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# Hoo hoo, if this path tricks you...
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/fixtures/simple-site/hello.md
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/fixtures/simple-site/hello.md
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
-id: hello
-title: Hello, World !
-slug: /
---
-
-Hello
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/gitUtils.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/gitUtils.test.ts
@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-import fs from 'fs-extra';
-import path from 'path';
-import {createTempRepo} from '@testing-utils/git';
-import {FileNotTrackedError, getFileCommitDate} from '../gitUtils';
-import {getGitLastUpdate} from '../lastUpdateUtils';
-
-/* eslint-disable no-restricted-properties */
-function initializeTempRepo() {
-  const {repoDir, git} = createTempRepo();
-
-  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), 'Some content');
-  git.commit(
-    'Create test.txt',
-    '2020-06-19',
-    'Caroline <caroline@jc-verse.com>',
-  );
-  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), 'Updated content');
-  git.commit(
-    'Update test.txt',
-    '2020-06-20',
-    'Josh-Cena <josh-cena@jc-verse.com>',
-  );
-  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), 'Updated content (2)');
-  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'moved.txt'), 'This file is moved');
-  git.commit(
-    'Update test.txt again, create moved.txt',
-    '2020-09-13',
-    'Caroline <caroline@jc-verse.com>',
-  );
-  fs.moveSync(path.join(repoDir, 'moved.txt'), path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'));
-  git.commit(
-    'Rename moved.txt to dest.txt',
-    '2020-11-13',
-    'Josh-Cena <josh-cena@jc-verse.com>',
-  );
-  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(repoDir, 'untracked.txt'), "I'm untracked");
-
-  return repoDir;
-}
-
-describe('getFileCommitDate', () => {
-  const repoDir = initializeTempRepo();
-  it('returns earliest commit date', async () => {
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), {}),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-06-19'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-06-19').getTime(),
-    });
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'), {}),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-09-13'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
-    });
-  });
-  it('returns latest commit date', async () => {
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), {age: 'newest'}),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-09-13'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
-    });
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'), {age: 'newest'}),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-11-13'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-11-13').getTime(),
-    });
-  });
-  it('returns latest commit date with author', async () => {
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), {
-        age: 'oldest',
-        includeAuthor: true,
-      }),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-06-19'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-06-19').getTime(),
-      author: 'Caroline',
-    });
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'), {
-        age: 'oldest',
-        includeAuthor: true,
-      }),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-09-13'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
-      author: 'Caroline',
-    });
-  });
-  it('returns earliest commit date with author', async () => {
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), {
-        age: 'newest',
-        includeAuthor: true,
-      }),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-09-13'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
-      author: 'Caroline',
-    });
-    await expect(
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'), {
-        age: 'newest',
-        includeAuthor: true,
-      }),
-    ).resolves.toEqual({
-      date: new Date('2020-11-13'),
-      timestamp: new Date('2020-11-13').getTime(),
-      author: 'Josh-Cena',
-    });
-  });
-  it('throws custom error when file is not tracked', async () => {
-    await expect(() =>
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'untracked.txt'), {
-        age: 'newest',
-        includeAuthor: true,
-      }),
-    ).rejects.toThrow(FileNotTrackedError);
-  });
-  it('throws when file not found', async () => {
-    await expect(() =>
-      getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'nonexistent.txt'), {
-        age: 'newest',
-        includeAuthor: true,
-      }),
-    ).rejects.toThrow(
-      /Failed to retrieve git history for ".*nonexistent.txt" because the file does not exist./,
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('multiple files not tracked by git', async () => {
-    const consoleMock = jest
-      .spyOn(console, 'warn')
-      .mockImplementation(() => {});
-    const tempFilePath1 = path.join(repoDir, 'file1.md');
-    const tempFilePath2 = path.join(repoDir, 'file2.md');
-    await fs.writeFile(tempFilePath1, 'Lorem ipsum :)');
-    await fs.writeFile(tempFilePath2, 'Lorem ipsum :)');
-    // TODO this is not the correct place to test "getGitLastUpdate"
-    await expect(getGitLastUpdate(tempFilePath1)).resolves.toBeNull();
-    await expect(getGitLastUpdate(tempFilePath2)).resolves.toBeNull();
-    expect(consoleMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(consoleMock).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
-      expect.stringMatching(/not tracked by git./),
-    );
-    await fs.unlink(tempFilePath1);
-    await fs.unlink(tempFilePath2);
-  });
-});
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/lastUpdateUtils.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/tests/lastUpdateUtils.test.ts
@ -5,162 +5,85 @@
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */

-import {jest} from '@jest/globals';
-import fs from 'fs-extra';
-import path from 'path';
-import {createTempRepo} from '@testing-utils/git';
-import execa from 'execa';
+import {readLastUpdateData} from '../lastUpdateUtils';
+import {TEST_VCS} from '../vcs/vcs';

-import {
-  getGitLastUpdate,
-  LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK,
-  LAST_UPDATE_UNTRACKED_GIT_FILEPATH,
-  readLastUpdateData,
-} from '../lastUpdateUtils';
 import type {FrontMatterLastUpdate} from '../lastUpdateUtils';

-describe('getGitLastUpdate', () => {
-  const {repoDir} = createTempRepo();
-
-  const existingFilePath = path.join(
-    __dirname,
-    '__fixtures__/simple-site/hello.md',
-  );
-  it('existing test file in repository with Git timestamp', async () => {
-    const lastUpdateData = await getGitLastUpdate(existingFilePath);
-    expect(lastUpdateData).not.toBeNull();
-
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = lastUpdateData!;
-    expect(lastUpdatedBy).not.toBeNull();
-    expect(typeof lastUpdatedBy).toBe('string');
-
-    expect(lastUpdatedAt).not.toBeNull();
-    expect(typeof lastUpdatedAt).toBe('number');
-  });
-
-  it('existing test file with spaces in path', async () => {
-    const filePathWithSpace = path.join(
-      __dirname,
-      '__fixtures__/simple-site/doc with space.md',
-    );
-    const lastUpdateData = await getGitLastUpdate(filePathWithSpace);
-    expect(lastUpdateData).not.toBeNull();
-
-    const {lastUpdatedBy, lastUpdatedAt} = lastUpdateData!;
-    expect(lastUpdatedBy).not.toBeNull();
-    expect(typeof lastUpdatedBy).toBe('string');
-
-    expect(lastUpdatedAt).not.toBeNull();
-    expect(typeof lastUpdatedAt).toBe('number');
-  });
-
-  it('non-existing file', async () => {
-    const consoleMock = jest
-      .spyOn(console, 'warn')
-      .mockImplementation(() => {});
-    const nonExistingFileName = '.nonExisting';
-    const nonExistingFilePath = path.join(
-      __dirname,
-      '__fixtures__',
-      nonExistingFileName,
-    );
-    await expect(getGitLastUpdate(nonExistingFilePath)).rejects.toThrow(
-      /An error occurred when trying to get the last update date/,
-    );
-    expect(consoleMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
-    consoleMock.mockRestore();
-  });
-
-  it('git does not exist', async () => {
-    const mock = jest.spyOn(execa, 'sync').mockImplementationOnce(() => {
-      throw new Error('Git does not exist');
-    });
-
-    const consoleMock = jest
-      .spyOn(console, 'warn')
-      .mockImplementation(() => {});
-    const lastUpdateData = await getGitLastUpdate(existingFilePath);
-    expect(lastUpdateData).toBeNull();
-    expect(consoleMock).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
-      expect.stringMatching(
-        /.*\[WARNING\].* Sorry, the last update options require Git\..*/,
-      ),
-    );
-
-    consoleMock.mockRestore();
-    mock.mockRestore();
-  });
-
-  it('temporary created file that is not tracked by git', async () => {
-    const consoleMock = jest
-      .spyOn(console, 'warn')
-      .mockImplementation(() => {});
-    const tempFilePath = path.join(repoDir, 'file.md');
-    await fs.writeFile(tempFilePath, 'Lorem ipsum :)');
-    await expect(getGitLastUpdate(tempFilePath)).resolves.toBeNull();
-    expect(consoleMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(consoleMock).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(
-      expect.stringMatching(/not tracked by git./),
-    );
-    await fs.unlink(tempFilePath);
-  });
-});
-
 describe('readLastUpdateData', () => {
  const testDate = '2021-01-01';
  const testTimestamp = new Date(testDate).getTime();
  const testAuthor = 'ozaki';

+  async function readData(
+    filePath: string,
+    options: Parameters<typeof readLastUpdateData>[1],
+    lastUpdateFrontMatter: Parameters<typeof readLastUpdateData>[2],
+  ) {
+    return readLastUpdateData(
+      filePath,
+      options,
+      lastUpdateFrontMatter,
+      TEST_VCS,
+    );
+  }
+
  describe('on untracked Git file', () => {
-    function test(lastUpdateFrontMatter: FrontMatterLastUpdate | undefined) {
-      return readLastUpdateData(
-        LAST_UPDATE_UNTRACKED_GIT_FILEPATH,
+    function readUntrackedFile(
+      lastUpdateFrontMatter: FrontMatterLastUpdate | undefined,
+    ) {
+      return readData(
+        TEST_VCS.UNTRACKED_FILE_PATH,
        {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: true},
        lastUpdateFrontMatter,
      );
    }

    it('reads null at/by from Git', async () => {
-      const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await test({});
+      const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readUntrackedFile({});
      expect(lastUpdatedAt).toBeNull();
      expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBeNull();
    });

    it('reads null at from Git and author from front matter', async () => {
-      const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await test({author: testAuthor});
+      const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readUntrackedFile({
+        author: testAuthor,
+      });
      expect(lastUpdatedAt).toBeNull();
      expect(lastUpdatedBy).toEqual(testAuthor);
    });

    it('reads null by from Git and date from front matter', async () => {
-      const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await test({date: testDate});
+      const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readUntrackedFile({
+        date: testDate,
+      });
      expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBeNull();
      expect(lastUpdatedAt).toEqual(testTimestamp);
    });
  });

  it('read last time show author time', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: true},
      {date: testDate},
    );
    expect(lastUpdatedAt).toEqual(testTimestamp);
-    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBe(LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy);
+    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBe(TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.author);
  });

  it('read last author show author time', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: true},
      {author: testAuthor},
    );
    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toEqual(testAuthor);
-    expect(lastUpdatedAt).toBe(LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt);
+    expect(lastUpdatedAt).toBe(TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.timestamp);
  });

  it('read last all show author time', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: true},
      {author: testAuthor, date: testDate},
@ -170,7 +93,7 @@ describe('readLastUpdateData', () => {
  });

  it('read last default show none', async () => {
-    const lastUpdate = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const lastUpdate = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: false, showLastUpdateTime: false},
      {},
@ -179,7 +102,7 @@ describe('readLastUpdateData', () => {
  });

  it('read last author show none', async () => {
-    const lastUpdate = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const lastUpdate = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: false, showLastUpdateTime: false},
      {author: testAuthor},
@ -188,17 +111,17 @@ describe('readLastUpdateData', () => {
  });

  it('read last time show author', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: false},
      {date: testDate},
    );
-    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBe(LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy);
+    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBe(TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.author);
    expect(lastUpdatedAt).toBeUndefined();
  });

  it('read last author show author', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: false},
      {author: testAuthor},
@ -208,17 +131,17 @@ describe('readLastUpdateData', () => {
  });

  it('read last default show author default', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: false},
      {},
    );
-    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBe(LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedBy);
+    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBe(TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.author);
    expect(lastUpdatedAt).toBeUndefined();
  });

  it('read last time show time', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: false, showLastUpdateTime: true},
      {date: testDate},
@ -228,17 +151,17 @@ describe('readLastUpdateData', () => {
  });

  it('read last author show time', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: false, showLastUpdateTime: true},
      {author: testAuthor},
    );
    expect(lastUpdatedBy).toBeUndefined();
-    expect(lastUpdatedAt).toEqual(LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK.lastUpdatedAt);
+    expect(lastUpdatedAt).toEqual(TEST_VCS.LAST_UPDATE_INFO.timestamp);
  });

  it('read last author show time only - both front matter', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: false, showLastUpdateTime: true},
      {author: testAuthor, date: testDate},
@ -248,7 +171,7 @@ describe('readLastUpdateData', () => {
  });

  it('read last author show author only - both front matter', async () => {
-    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readLastUpdateData(
+    const {lastUpdatedAt, lastUpdatedBy} = await readData(
      '',
      {showLastUpdateAuthor: true, showLastUpdateTime: false},
      {author: testAuthor, date: testDate},
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/gitUtils.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/gitUtils.ts
@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-import path from 'path';
-import fs from 'fs-extra';
-import os from 'os';
-import _ from 'lodash';
-import execa from 'execa';
-import PQueue from 'p-queue';
-
-// Quite high/conservative concurrency value (it was previously "Infinity")
-// See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10915
-const DefaultGitCommandConcurrency =
-  // TODO Docusaurus v4: bump node, availableParallelism() now always exists
-  (typeof os.availableParallelism === 'function'
-    ? os.availableParallelism()
-    : os.cpus().length) * 4;
-
-const GitCommandConcurrencyEnv = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_GIT_COMMAND_CONCURRENCY
-  ? parseInt(process.env.DOCUSAURUS_GIT_COMMAND_CONCURRENCY, 10)
-  : undefined;
-
-const GitCommandConcurrency =
-  GitCommandConcurrencyEnv && GitCommandConcurrencyEnv > 0
-    ? GitCommandConcurrencyEnv
-    : DefaultGitCommandConcurrency;
-
-// We use a queue to avoid running too many concurrent Git commands at once
-// See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/issues/10348
-const GitCommandQueue = new PQueue({
-  concurrency: GitCommandConcurrency,
-});
-
-const realHasGitFn = () => {
-  try {
-    return execa.sync('git', ['--version']).exitCode === 0;
-  } catch (error) {
-    return false;
-  }
-};
-
-// The hasGit call is synchronous IO so we memoize it
-// The user won't install Git in the middle of a build anyway...
-const hasGit =
-  process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test' ? realHasGitFn : _.memoize(realHasGitFn);
-
-/** Custom error thrown when git is not found in `PATH`. */
-export class GitNotFoundError extends Error {}
-
-/** Custom error thrown when the current file is not tracked by git. */
-export class FileNotTrackedError extends Error {}
-
-/**
- * Fetches the git history of a file and returns a relevant commit date.
- * It gets the commit date instead of author date so that amended commits
- * can have their dates updated.
- *
- * @throws {@link GitNotFoundError} If git is not found in `PATH`.
- * @throws {@link FileNotTrackedError} If the current file is not tracked by git.
- * @throws Also throws when `git log` exited with non-zero, or when it outputs
- * unexpected text.
- */
-export async function getFileCommitDate(
-  /** Absolute path to the file. */
-  file: string,
-  args: {
-    /**
-     * `"oldest"` is the commit that added the file, following renames;
-     * `"newest"` is the last commit that edited the file.
-     */
-    age?: 'oldest' | 'newest';
-    /** Use `includeAuthor: true` to get the author information as well. */
-    includeAuthor?: false;
-  },
-): Promise<{
-  /** Relevant commit date. */
-  date: Date;
-  /** Timestamp returned from git, converted to **milliseconds**. */
-  timestamp: number;
-}>;
-/**
- * Fetches the git history of a file and returns a relevant commit date.
- * It gets the commit date instead of author date so that amended commits
- * can have their dates updated.
- *
- * @throws {@link GitNotFoundError} If git is not found in `PATH`.
- * @throws {@link FileNotTrackedError} If the current file is not tracked by git.
- * @throws Also throws when `git log` exited with non-zero, or when it outputs
- * unexpected text.
- */
-export async function getFileCommitDate(
-  /** Absolute path to the file. */
-  file: string,
-  args: {
-    /**
-     * `"oldest"` is the commit that added the file, following renames;
-     * `"newest"` is the last commit that edited the file.
-     */
-    age?: 'oldest' | 'newest';
-    includeAuthor: true;
-  },
-): Promise<{
-  /** Relevant commit date. */
-  date: Date;
-  /** Timestamp returned from git, converted to **milliseconds**. */
-  timestamp: number;
-  /** The author's name, as returned from git. */
-  author: string;
-}>;
-
-export async function getFileCommitDate(
-  file: string,
-  {
-    age = 'oldest',
-    includeAuthor = false,
-  }: {
-    age?: 'oldest' | 'newest';
-    includeAuthor?: boolean;
-  },
-): Promise<{
-  date: Date;
-  timestamp: number;
-  author?: string;
-}> {
-  if (!hasGit()) {
-    throw new GitNotFoundError(
-      `Failed to retrieve git history for "${file}" because git is not installed.`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  if (!(await fs.pathExists(file))) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `Failed to retrieve git history for "${file}" because the file does not exist.`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  // We add a "RESULT:" prefix to make parsing easier
-  // See why: https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10022
-  const resultFormat = includeAuthor ? 'RESULT:%ct,%an' : 'RESULT:%ct';
-
-  const args = [
-    `--format=${resultFormat}`,
-    '--max-count=1',
-    age === 'oldest' ? '--follow --diff-filter=A' : undefined,
-  ]
-    .filter(Boolean)
-    .join(' ');
-
-  const command = `git -c log.showSignature=false log ${args} -- "${path.basename(
-    file,
-  )}"`;
-
-  const result = (await GitCommandQueue.add(() => {
-    return execa(command, {
-      cwd: path.dirname(file),
-      shell: true,
-    });
-  }))!;
-
-  if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `Failed to retrieve the git history for file "${file}" with exit code ${result.exitCode}: ${result.stderr}`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  // We only parse the output line starting with our "RESULT:" prefix
-  // See why https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10022
-  const regex = includeAuthor
-    ? /(?:^|\n)RESULT:(?<timestamp>\d+),(?<author>.+)(?:$|\n)/
-    : /(?:^|\n)RESULT:(?<timestamp>\d+)(?:$|\n)/;
-
-  const output = result.stdout.trim();
-
-  if (!output) {
-    throw new FileNotTrackedError(
-      `Failed to retrieve the git history for file "${file}" because the file is not tracked by git.`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  const match = output.match(regex);
-
-  if (!match) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `Failed to retrieve the git history for file "${file}" with unexpected output: ${output}`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  const timestampInSeconds = Number(match.groups!.timestamp);
-  const timestamp = timestampInSeconds * 1_000;
-  const date = new Date(timestamp);
-
-  if (includeAuthor) {
-    return {date, timestamp, author: match.groups!.author!};
-  }
-  return {date, timestamp};
-}
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/index.ts
@ -25,10 +25,12 @@ export {
 } from './constants';
 export {generate, readOutputHTMLFile} from './emitUtils';
 export {
+  // TODO Docusaurus v4: remove these legacy exports,
+  //  they are only kept for retro-compatibility
  getFileCommitDate,
  FileNotTrackedError,
  GitNotFoundError,
-} from './gitUtils';
+} from './vcs/gitUtils';
 export {
  mergeTranslations,
  updateTranslationFileMessages,
@ -121,12 +123,11 @@ export {askPreferredLanguage} from './cliUtils';
 export {flattenRoutes} from './routeUtils';

 export {
-  getGitLastUpdate,
-  getLastUpdate,
  readLastUpdateData,
-  LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK,
  type LastUpdateData,
  type FrontMatterLastUpdate,
 } from './lastUpdateUtils';

+export {VcsPresetNames, getVcsPreset, TEST_VCS} from './vcs/vcs';
+
 export {normalizeTags, reportInlineTags} from './tags';
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/lastUpdateUtils.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/lastUpdateUtils.ts
@ -6,13 +6,9 @@
 */

 import _ from 'lodash';
-import logger from '@docusaurus/logger';
-import {
-  FileNotTrackedError,
-  GitNotFoundError,
-  getFileCommitDate,
-} from './gitUtils';
-import type {PluginOptions} from '@docusaurus/types';
+import {getVcsPreset} from './vcs/vcs';
+
+import type {PluginOptions, VcsConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';

 export type LastUpdateData = {
  /**
@ -29,72 +25,6 @@ export type LastUpdateData = {
  lastUpdatedBy: string | undefined | null;
 };

-let showedGitRequirementError = false;
-let showedFileNotTrackedError = false;
-
-export async function getGitLastUpdate(
-  filePath: string,
-): Promise<LastUpdateData | null> {
-  if (!filePath) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
-  // Wrap in try/catch in case the shell commands fail
-  // (e.g. project doesn't use Git, etc).
-  try {
-    const result = await getFileCommitDate(filePath, {
-      age: 'newest',
-      includeAuthor: true,
-    });
-
-    return {lastUpdatedAt: result.timestamp, lastUpdatedBy: result.author};
-  } catch (err) {
-    if (err instanceof GitNotFoundError) {
-      if (!showedGitRequirementError) {
-        logger.warn('Sorry, the last update options require Git.');
-        showedGitRequirementError = true;
-      }
-    } else if (err instanceof FileNotTrackedError) {
-      if (!showedFileNotTrackedError) {
-        logger.warn(
-          'Cannot infer the update date for some files, as they are not tracked by git.',
-        );
-        showedFileNotTrackedError = true;
-      }
-    } else {
-      throw new Error(
-        `An error occurred when trying to get the last update date`,
-        {cause: err},
-      );
-    }
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-
-export const LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK: LastUpdateData = {
-  lastUpdatedAt: 1539502055000,
-  lastUpdatedBy: 'Author',
-};
-
-// Not proud of this, but convenient for tests :/
-export const LAST_UPDATE_UNTRACKED_GIT_FILEPATH = `file/path/${Math.random()}.mdx`;
-
-export async function getLastUpdate(
-  filePath: string,
-): Promise<LastUpdateData | null> {
-  if (filePath === LAST_UPDATE_UNTRACKED_GIT_FILEPATH) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  if (
-    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ||
-    process.env.DOCUSAURUS_DISABLE_LAST_UPDATE === 'true'
-  ) {
-    // Use fake data in dev/test for faster development.
-    return LAST_UPDATE_FALLBACK;
-  }
-  return getGitLastUpdate(filePath);
-}
-
 type LastUpdateOptions = Pick<
  PluginOptions,
  'showLastUpdateAuthor' | 'showLastUpdateTime'
@ -109,11 +39,21 @@ export type FrontMatterLastUpdate = {
  date?: Date | string;
 };

+// TODO Docusaurus v4: refactor/rename, make it clear this fn is only
+//  for Markdown files with front matter shared by content plugin
 export async function readLastUpdateData(
  filePath: string,
  options: LastUpdateOptions,
  lastUpdateFrontMatter: FrontMatterLastUpdate | undefined,
+  vcsParam: Pick<VcsConfig, 'getFileLastUpdateInfo'>,
 ): Promise<LastUpdateData> {
+  // We fallback to the default VSC config at runtime on purpose
+  // It preserves retro-compatibility if a third-party plugin imports it
+  // This also ensures unit tests keep working without extra setup
+  // We still want to ensure type safety by requiring the VCS param
+  // TODO Docusaurus v4: refactor all these Git read APIs
+  const vcs = vcsParam ?? getVcsPreset('default-v1');
+
  const {showLastUpdateAuthor, showLastUpdateTime} = options;

  if (!showLastUpdateAuthor && !showLastUpdateTime) {
@ -128,14 +68,16 @@ export async function readLastUpdateData(
  // We try to minimize git last update calls
  // We call it at most once
  // If all the data is provided as front matter, we do not call it
-  const getLastUpdateMemoized = _.memoize(() => getLastUpdate(filePath));
+  const getLastUpdateMemoized = _.memoize(() =>
+    vcs.getFileLastUpdateInfo(filePath),
+  );
  const getLastUpdateBy = () =>
    getLastUpdateMemoized().then((update) => {
      // Important, see https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/11211
      if (update === null) {
        return null;
      }
-      return update?.lastUpdatedBy;
+      return update?.author;
    });
  const getLastUpdateAt = () =>
    getLastUpdateMemoized().then((update) => {
@ -143,7 +85,7 @@ export async function readLastUpdateData(
      if (update === null) {
        return null;
      }
-      return update?.lastUpdatedAt;
+      return update?.timestamp;
    });

  const lastUpdatedBy = showLastUpdateAuthor
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/README.md
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/README.md
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+A site fixture with files versioned on Git.
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/blog/2025/blog2.md
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/blog/2025/blog2.md
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Blog 2
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/blog/blog1.md
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/blog/blog1.md
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Blog 1
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/_partials/somePartial.md
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/_partials/somePartial.md
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+This is a partial in file/folder starting with _:
+
+It should be excluded by default
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/doc
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/doc
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doc with space in name
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/doc1.md
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/doc1.md
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doc 1
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/doc2.md
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/fixtures/simple-site/docs/doc2.md
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doc 2
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/gitUtils.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/tests/gitUtils.test.ts
@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import fs from 'fs-extra';
+import path from 'path';
+import os from 'os';
+import execa from 'execa';
+
+import {
+  FileNotTrackedError,
+  getFileCommitDate,
+  getGitLastUpdate,
+  getGitCreation,
+  getGitRepoRoot,
+  getGitSuperProjectRoot,
+  getGitSubmodulePaths,
+  getGitAllRepoRoots,
+  getGitRepositoryFilesInfo,
+} from '../gitUtils';
+
+class Git {
+  private constructor(private dir: string) {
+    this.dir = dir;
+  }
+
+  private static async runOptimisticGitCommand({
+    cwd,
+    cmd,
+    args,
+    options,
+  }: {
+    cwd: string;
+    args: string[];
+    cmd: string;
+    options?: execa.Options;
+  }): Promise<execa.ExecaReturnValue> {
+    const res = await execa(cmd, args, {
+      cwd,
+      silent: true,
+      shell: true,
+      ...options,
+    });
+    if (res.exitCode !== 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Git command failed with code ${res.exitCode}: ${cmd} ${args.join(
+          ' ',
+        )}`,
+      );
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  static async initializeRepo(dir: string): Promise<Git> {
+    await Git.runOptimisticGitCommand({
+      cmd: 'git',
+      args: ['init'],
+      cwd: dir,
+    });
+    await Git.runOptimisticGitCommand({
+      cmd: 'git',
+      args: ['config', 'user.email', '"test@example.com"'],
+      cwd: dir,
+    });
+    await Git.runOptimisticGitCommand({
+      cmd: 'git',
+      args: ['config', 'user.name', '"Test"'],
+      cwd: dir,
+    });
+    await Git.runOptimisticGitCommand({
+      cmd: 'git',
+      args: ['commit', '--allow-empty', '-m "First commit"'],
+      cwd: dir,
+    });
+    return new Git(dir);
+  }
+
+  async runOptimisticGitCommand(
+    cmd: string,
+    args?: string[],
+    options?: execa.Options,
+  ): Promise<execa.ExecaReturnValue> {
+    return Git.runOptimisticGitCommand({cwd: this.dir, cmd, args, options});
+  }
+
+  async add(filePath: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.runOptimisticGitCommand('git', ['add', filePath]);
+  }
+  async addAll(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.runOptimisticGitCommand('git', ['add', '.']);
+  }
+
+  async commit(msg: string, date: string, author: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.runOptimisticGitCommand(
+      `git`,
+      [
+        'commit',
+        `-m "${msg}"`,
+        `--date "${date}T00:00:00Z"`,
+        `--author "${author}"`,
+      ],
+      {env: {GIT_COMMITTER_DATE: `${date}T00:00:00Z`}},
+    );
+  }
+
+  async commitFile(
+    filePath: string,
+    {
+      fileContent,
+      commitMessage,
+      commitDate,
+      commitAuthor,
+    }: {
+      fileContent?: string;
+      commitMessage?: string;
+      commitDate?: string;
+      commitAuthor?: string;
+    } = {},
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await fs.ensureDir(path.join(this.dir, path.dirname(filePath)));
+    await fs.writeFile(
+      path.join(this.dir, filePath),
+      fileContent ?? `Content of ${filePath}`,
+    );
+    await this.add(filePath);
+    await this.commit(
+      commitMessage ?? `Create ${filePath}`,
+      commitDate ?? '2020-06-19',
+      commitAuthor ?? 'Seb <seb@example.com>',
+    );
+  }
+
+  async addSubmodule(name: string, repoPath: string): Promise<void> {
+    return this.runOptimisticGitCommand('git', [
+      '-c protocol.file.allow=always',
+      'submodule',
+      'add',
+      repoPath,
+      name,
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  async defineSubmodules(submodules: {[name: string]: string}): Promise<void> {
+    for (const entry of Object.entries(submodules)) {
+      await this.addSubmodule(entry[0], entry[1]);
+    }
+    await this.runOptimisticGitCommand('git', [
+      'submodule',
+      'update',
+      '--init',
+      '--recursive',
+    ]);
+  }
+}
+
+async function createGitRepoEmpty(): Promise<{repoDir: string; git: Git}> {
+  let repoDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'git-test-repo'));
+  repoDir = await fs.realpath.native(repoDir);
+  const git = await Git.initializeRepo(repoDir);
+  return {repoDir, git};
+}
+
+describe('commit info APIs', () => {
+  async function createGitRepoTestFixture() {
+    const {repoDir, git} = await createGitRepoEmpty();
+
+    await git.commitFile('test.txt', {
+      fileContent: 'Some content',
+      commitMessage: 'Create test.txt',
+      commitDate: '2020-06-19',
+      commitAuthor: 'Caroline <caroline@example.com>',
+    });
+
+    await git.commitFile('test.txt', {
+      fileContent: 'Updated content',
+      commitMessage: 'Update test.txt',
+      commitDate: '2020-06-20',
+      commitAuthor: 'Josh-Cena <josh-cena@example.com>',
+    });
+
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), 'Updated content (2)');
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(repoDir, 'moved.txt'), 'This file is moved');
+    await git.addAll();
+    await git.commit(
+      'Update test.txt again, create moved.txt',
+      '2020-09-13',
+      'Robert <robert@example.com>',
+    );
+
+    await fs.move(
+      path.join(repoDir, 'moved.txt'),
+      path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'),
+    );
+    await git.addAll();
+    await git.commit(
+      'Rename moved.txt to dest.txt',
+      '2020-11-13',
+      'Seb <seb@example.com>',
+    );
+
+    await fs.writeFile(path.join(repoDir, 'untracked.txt'), "I'm untracked");
+
+    return repoDir;
+  }
+
+  // Create the repo only once for all tests => faster tests
+  const repoDirPromise = createGitRepoTestFixture();
+
+  describe('getFileCommitDate', () => {
+    it('returns latest commit date with author', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      await expect(
+        getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), {
+          age: 'oldest',
+          includeAuthor: true,
+        }),
+      ).resolves.toEqual({
+        date: new Date('2020-06-19'),
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-06-19').getTime(),
+        author: 'Caroline',
+      });
+      await expect(
+        getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'), {
+          age: 'oldest',
+          includeAuthor: true,
+        }),
+      ).resolves.toEqual({
+        date: new Date('2020-09-13'),
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
+        author: 'Robert',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('returns earliest commit date with author', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      await expect(
+        getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt'), {
+          age: 'newest',
+          includeAuthor: true,
+        }),
+      ).resolves.toEqual({
+        date: new Date('2020-09-13'),
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
+        author: 'Robert',
+      });
+      await expect(
+        getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt'), {
+          age: 'newest',
+          includeAuthor: true,
+        }),
+      ).resolves.toEqual({
+        date: new Date('2020-11-13'),
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-11-13').getTime(),
+        author: 'Seb',
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('throws custom error when file is not tracked', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      await expect(() =>
+        getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'untracked.txt'), {
+          age: 'newest',
+          includeAuthor: true,
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(FileNotTrackedError);
+    });
+
+    it('throws when file not found', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await createGitRepoTestFixture();
+
+      await expect(() =>
+        getFileCommitDate(path.join(repoDir, 'nonexistent.txt'), {
+          age: 'newest',
+          includeAuthor: true,
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(
+        /Failed to retrieve git history for ".*nonexistent.txt" because the file does not exist./,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('commit info APIs', () => {
+    it('returns creation info for test.txt', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      const filePath = path.join(repoDir, 'test.txt');
+      await expect(getGitCreation(filePath)).resolves.toEqual({
+        author: 'Caroline',
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-06-19').getTime(),
+      });
+
+      await expect(getGitLastUpdate(filePath)).resolves.toEqual({
+        author: 'Robert',
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('returns creation info for dest.txt', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      const filePath = path.join(repoDir, 'dest.txt');
+      await expect(getGitCreation(filePath)).resolves.toEqual({
+        author: 'Robert',
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-09-13').getTime(),
+      });
+      await expect(getGitLastUpdate(filePath)).resolves.toEqual({
+        author: 'Seb',
+        timestamp: new Date('2020-11-13').getTime(),
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('returns creation info for untracked.txt', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      const filePath = path.join(repoDir, 'untracked.txt');
+      await expect(getGitCreation(filePath)).resolves.toEqual(null);
+      await expect(getGitLastUpdate(filePath)).resolves.toEqual(null);
+    });
+
+    it('returns creation info for non-existing.txt', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      const filePath = path.join(repoDir, 'non-existing.txt');
+      await expect(
+        getGitCreation(filePath),
+      ).rejects.toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(
+        `"An error occurred when trying to get the last update date"`,
+      );
+      await expect(
+        getGitLastUpdate(filePath),
+      ).rejects.toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(
+        `"An error occurred when trying to get the last update date"`,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('returns files info', async () => {
+      const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+
+      await expect(getGitRepositoryFilesInfo(repoDir)).resolves
+        .toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        Map {
+          "dest.txt" => {
+            "creation": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1605225600000,
+            },
+            "lastUpdate": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1605225600000,
+            },
+          },
+          "moved.txt" => {
+            "creation": {
+              "author": "Robert",
+              "timestamp": 1599955200000,
+            },
+            "lastUpdate": {
+              "author": "Robert",
+              "timestamp": 1599955200000,
+            },
+          },
+          "test.txt" => {
+            "creation": {
+              "author": "Caroline",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+            "lastUpdate": {
+              "author": "Robert",
+              "timestamp": 1599955200000,
+            },
+          },
+        }
+      `);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('getGitRepoRoot', () => {
+  async function initTestRepo() {
+    const {repoDir, git} = await createGitRepoEmpty();
+    await git.commitFile('subDir/test.txt');
+    return repoDir;
+  }
+
+  // Create the repo only once for all tests => faster tests
+  const repoDirPromise = initTestRepo();
+
+  it('returns repoDir for cwd=repoDir', async () => {
+    const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+    const cwd = repoDir;
+    await expect(getGitRepoRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(repoDir);
+  });
+
+  it('returns repoDir for cwd=repoDir/subDir', async () => {
+    const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+    const cwd = path.join(repoDir, 'subDir');
+    await expect(getGitRepoRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(repoDir);
+  });
+
+  it('returns Docusaurus repo for cwd=__dirname', async () => {
+    const cwd = __dirname;
+    await expect(getGitRepoRoot(cwd)).resolves.toMatch(/docusaurus$/);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects for cwd=repoDir/doesNotExist', async () => {
+    const repoDir = await repoDirPromise;
+    const cwd = path.join(repoDir, 'doesNotExist');
+    await expect(getGitRepoRoot(cwd)).rejects.toThrow(
+      /Couldn't find the git repository root directory/,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe('submodules APIs', () => {
+  async function initTestRepo() {
+    const superproject = await createGitRepoEmpty();
+    await superproject.git.commitFile('README.md');
+    await superproject.git.commitFile('website/docs/myDoc.md');
+
+    const submodule1 = await createGitRepoEmpty();
+    await submodule1.git.commitFile('file1.txt');
+
+    const submodule2 = await createGitRepoEmpty();
+    await submodule2.git.commitFile('subDir/file2.txt');
+
+    await superproject.git.defineSubmodules({
+      'submodules/submodule1': submodule1.repoDir,
+      'submodules/submodule2': submodule2.repoDir,
+    });
+
+    return {superproject, submodule1, submodule2};
+  }
+
+  // Create the repo only once for all tests => faster tests
+  const repoPromise = initTestRepo();
+
+  describe('getGitSuperProjectRoot', () => {
+    it('returns superproject dir for cwd=superproject', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir);
+      await expect(getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('returns superproject dir for cwd=superproject/submodules', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules');
+      await expect(getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('returns superproject dir for cwd=superproject/website/docs', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'website/docs');
+      await expect(getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('returns superproject dir for cwd=submodule1', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules/submodule1');
+      await expect(getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('returns superproject dir for cwd=submodule2', async () => {
+      const repo = await initTestRepo();
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules/submodule2');
+      await expect(getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('returns superproject dir for cwd=submodule2/subDir', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        'submodules/submodule2/subDir',
+      );
+      await expect(getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd)).resolves.toEqual(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('rejects for cwd of untracked dir', async () => {
+      const cwd = await os.tmpdir();
+      // Do we really want this to throw?
+      // Not sure, and Git doesn't help us failsafe and return null...
+      await expect(getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd)).rejects
+        .toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+        "Couldn't find the git superproject root directory
+        Failure while running \`git rev-parse --show-superproject-working-tree\` from cwd="<TEMP_DIR>"
+        The command executed throws an error: Command failed with exit code 128: git rev-parse --show-superproject-working-tree
+        fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git"
+      `);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getGitSubmodulePaths', () => {
+    it('returns submodules for cwd=superproject', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir);
+      await expect(getGitSubmodulePaths(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([
+        'submodules/submodule1',
+        'submodules/submodule2',
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns submodules for cwd=superproject/website/docs', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'website', 'docs');
+      await expect(getGitSubmodulePaths(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([
+        // The returned paths are relative to CWD,
+        // Not sure if it's the best behavior.
+        // But you'd rather call this with the superproject root as CWD anyway!
+        '../../submodules/submodule1',
+        '../../submodules/submodule2',
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns [] for cwd=submodules/submodule1', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        'submodules',
+        'submodule1',
+      );
+      await expect(getGitSubmodulePaths(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns [] for cwd=submodules/submodule2/subDir', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        'submodules',
+        'submodule2',
+        'subDir',
+      );
+      await expect(getGitSubmodulePaths(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects for cwd=doesNotExist', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'doesNotExist');
+      await expect(getGitSubmodulePaths(cwd)).rejects.toThrow(
+        /Couldn't read the list of git submodules/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('rejects for cwd=notTracked', async () => {
+      const cwd = await os.tmpdir();
+      await expect(getGitSubmodulePaths(cwd)).rejects.toThrow(
+        /Couldn't read the list of git submodules/,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getGitAllRepoRoots', () => {
+    it('returns root paths for cwd=superproject', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir);
+      await expect(getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule1'),
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule2'),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns root paths for cwd=superproject/website/docs', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'website', 'docs');
+      await expect(getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule1'),
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule2'),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns root paths for cwd=superproject/submodules', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules');
+      await expect(getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule1'),
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule2'),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns root paths for cwd=superproject/submodules/submodule1', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        'submodules',
+        'submodule1',
+      );
+      await expect(getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule1'),
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule2'),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('returns root paths for cwd=superproject/submodules/submodule2/subDir', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        'submodules',
+        'submodule2',
+        'subDir',
+      );
+      await expect(getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd)).resolves.toEqual([
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule1'),
+        path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'submodules', 'submodule2'),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('rejects for cwd=doesNotExist', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir, 'doesNotExist');
+      await expect(getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd)).rejects.toThrow(
+        /Could not get all the git repository root paths/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('rejects for cwd=notTracked', async () => {
+      const cwd = await os.tmpdir();
+      await expect(getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd)).rejects.toThrow(
+        /Could not get all the git repository root paths/,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getGitRepositoryFilesInfo', () => {
+    it('for superproject', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(repo.superproject.repoDir);
+      await expect(getGitRepositoryFilesInfo(cwd)).resolves
+        .toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        Map {
+          "website/docs/myDoc.md" => {
+            "creation": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+            "lastUpdate": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+          },
+          "README.md" => {
+            "creation": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+            "lastUpdate": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+          },
+        }
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it('for submodule1', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        'submodules',
+        'submodule1',
+      );
+      await expect(getGitRepositoryFilesInfo(cwd)).resolves
+        .toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        Map {
+          "file1.txt" => {
+            "creation": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+            "lastUpdate": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+          },
+        }
+      `);
+    });
+
+    it('for submodule2', async () => {
+      const repo = await repoPromise;
+      const cwd = path.join(
+        repo.superproject.repoDir,
+        'submodules',
+        'submodule2',
+      );
+      await expect(getGitRepositoryFilesInfo(cwd)).resolves
+        .toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+        Map {
+          "subDir/file2.txt" => {
+            "creation": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+            "lastUpdate": {
+              "author": "Seb",
+              "timestamp": 1592524800000,
+            },
+          },
+        }
+      `);
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/gitUtils.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/gitUtils.ts
@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'fs-extra';
+import os from 'os';
+import _ from 'lodash';
+import execa from 'execa';
+import PQueue from 'p-queue';
+import logger from '@docusaurus/logger';
+
+// Quite high/conservative concurrency value (it was previously "Infinity")
+// See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10915
+const DefaultGitCommandConcurrency =
+  // TODO Docusaurus v4: bump node, availableParallelism() now always exists
+  (typeof os.availableParallelism === 'function'
+    ? os.availableParallelism()
+    : os.cpus().length) * 4;
+
+const GitCommandConcurrencyEnv = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_GIT_COMMAND_CONCURRENCY
+  ? parseInt(process.env.DOCUSAURUS_GIT_COMMAND_CONCURRENCY, 10)
+  : undefined;
+
+const GitCommandConcurrency =
+  GitCommandConcurrencyEnv && GitCommandConcurrencyEnv > 0
+    ? GitCommandConcurrencyEnv
+    : DefaultGitCommandConcurrency;
+
+// We use a queue to avoid running too many concurrent Git commands at once
+// See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/issues/10348
+const GitCommandQueue = new PQueue({
+  concurrency: GitCommandConcurrency,
+});
+
+const realHasGitFn = () => {
+  try {
+    return execa.sync('git', ['--version']).exitCode === 0;
+  } catch (error) {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+// The hasGit call is synchronous IO so we memoize it
+// The user won't install Git in the middle of a build anyway...
+const hasGit =
+  process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test' ? realHasGitFn : _.memoize(realHasGitFn);
+
+// TODO Docusaurus v4: remove this
+//  Exceptions are not made for control flow logic
+/** Custom error thrown when git is not found in `PATH`. */
+export class GitNotFoundError extends Error {}
+
+// TODO Docusaurus v4: remove this, only kept for retro-compatibility
+//  Exceptions are not made for control flow logic
+/** Custom error thrown when the current file is not tracked by git. */
+export class FileNotTrackedError extends Error {}
+
+/**
+ * Fetches the git history of a file and returns a relevant commit date.
+ * It gets the commit date instead of author date so that amended commits
+ * can have their dates updated.
+ *
+ * @throws {@link GitNotFoundError} If git is not found in `PATH`.
+ * @throws {@link FileNotTrackedError} If the current file is not tracked by git.
+ * @throws Also throws when `git log` exited with non-zero, or when it outputs
+ * unexpected text.
+ */
+export async function getFileCommitDate(
+  /** Absolute path to the file. */
+  file: string,
+  args: {
+    /**
+     * `"oldest"` is the commit that added the file, following renames;
+     * `"newest"` is the last commit that edited the file.
+     */
+    age?: 'oldest' | 'newest';
+    /** Use `includeAuthor: true` to get the author information as well. */
+    includeAuthor?: false;
+  },
+): Promise<{
+  /** Relevant commit date. */
+  date: Date; // TODO duplicate data, not really useful?
+  /** Timestamp returned from git, converted to **milliseconds**. */
+  timestamp: number;
+}>;
+/**
+ * Fetches the git history of a file and returns a relevant commit date.
+ * It gets the commit date instead of author date so that amended commits
+ * can have their dates updated.
+ *
+ * @throws {@link GitNotFoundError} If git is not found in `PATH`.
+ * @throws {@link FileNotTrackedError} If the current file is not tracked by git.
+ * @throws Also throws when `git log` exited with non-zero, or when it outputs
+ * unexpected text.
+ */
+export async function getFileCommitDate(
+  /** Absolute path to the file. */
+  file: string,
+  args: {
+    /**
+     * `"oldest"` is the commit that added the file, following renames;
+     * `"newest"` is the last commit that edited the file.
+     */
+    age?: 'oldest' | 'newest';
+    includeAuthor: true;
+  },
+): Promise<{
+  /** Relevant commit date. */
+  date: Date;
+  /** Timestamp returned from git, converted to **milliseconds**. */
+  timestamp: number;
+  /** The author's name, as returned from git. */
+  author: string;
+}>;
+
+export async function getFileCommitDate(
+  file: string,
+  {
+    age = 'oldest',
+    includeAuthor = false,
+  }: {
+    age?: 'oldest' | 'newest';
+    includeAuthor?: boolean;
+  },
+): Promise<{
+  date: Date;
+  timestamp: number;
+  author?: string;
+}> {
+  if (!hasGit()) {
+    throw new GitNotFoundError(
+      `Failed to retrieve git history for "${file}" because git is not installed.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (!(await fs.pathExists(file))) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to retrieve git history for "${file}" because the file does not exist.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // We add a "RESULT:" prefix to make parsing easier
+  // See why: https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10022
+  const resultFormat = includeAuthor ? 'RESULT:%ct,%an' : 'RESULT:%ct';
+
+  const args = [
+    `--format=${resultFormat}`,
+    '--max-count=1',
+    age === 'oldest' ? '--follow --diff-filter=A' : undefined,
+  ]
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join(' ');
+
+  // Do not include GPG signature in the log output
+  // See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10022
+  const command = `git -c log.showSignature=false log ${args} -- "${path.basename(
+    file,
+  )}"`;
+
+  const result = (await GitCommandQueue.add(() => {
+    return execa(command, {
+      cwd: path.dirname(file),
+      shell: true,
+    });
+  }))!;
+
+  if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to retrieve the git history for file "${file}" with exit code ${result.exitCode}: ${result.stderr}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // We only parse the output line starting with our "RESULT:" prefix
+  // See why https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10022
+  const regex = includeAuthor
+    ? /(?:^|\n)RESULT:(?<timestamp>\d+),(?<author>.+)(?:$|\n)/
+    : /(?:^|\n)RESULT:(?<timestamp>\d+)(?:$|\n)/;
+
+  const output = result.stdout.trim();
+
+  if (!output) {
+    throw new FileNotTrackedError(
+      `Failed to retrieve the git history for file "${file}" because the file is not tracked by git.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const match = output.match(regex);
+
+  if (!match) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to retrieve the git history for file "${file}" with unexpected output: ${output}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const timestampInSeconds = Number(match.groups!.timestamp);
+  const timestamp = timestampInSeconds * 1_000;
+  const date = new Date(timestamp);
+
+  if (includeAuthor) {
+    return {date, timestamp, author: match.groups!.author!};
+  }
+  return {date, timestamp};
+}
+
+let showedGitRequirementError = false;
+let showedFileNotTrackedError = false;
+
+type GitCommitInfo = {timestamp: number; author: string};
+
+async function getGitCommitInfo(
+  filePath: string,
+  age: 'oldest' | 'newest',
+): Promise<GitCommitInfo | null> {
+  if (!filePath) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  // Wrap in try/catch in case the shell commands fail
+  // (e.g. project doesn't use Git, etc).
+  try {
+    const result = await getFileCommitDate(filePath, {
+      age,
+      includeAuthor: true,
+    });
+    return {timestamp: result.timestamp, author: result.author};
+  } catch (err) {
+    // TODO legacy perf issue: do not use exceptions for control flow!
+    if (err instanceof GitNotFoundError) {
+      if (!showedGitRequirementError) {
+        logger.warn('Sorry, the last update options require Git.');
+        showedGitRequirementError = true;
+      }
+    } else if (err instanceof FileNotTrackedError) {
+      if (!showedFileNotTrackedError) {
+        logger.warn(
+          'Cannot infer the update date for some files, as they are not tracked by git.',
+        );
+        showedFileNotTrackedError = true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        `An error occurred when trying to get the last update date`,
+        {cause: err},
+      );
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getGitLastUpdate(
+  filePath: string,
+): Promise<GitCommitInfo | null> {
+  return getGitCommitInfo(filePath, 'newest');
+}
+
+export async function getGitCreation(
+  filePath: string,
+): Promise<GitCommitInfo | null> {
+  return getGitCommitInfo(filePath, 'oldest');
+}
+
+export async function getGitRepoRoot(cwd: string): Promise<string> {
+  const createErrorMessageBase = () => {
+    return `Couldn't find the git repository root directory
+Failure while running ${logger.code(
+      'git rev-parse --show-toplevel',
+    )} from cwd=${logger.path(cwd)}`;
+  };
+
+  const result = await execa('git', ['rev-parse', '--show-toplevel'], {
+    cwd,
+  }).catch((error) => {
+    // We enter this rejection when cwd is not a dir for example
+    throw new Error(
+      `${createErrorMessageBase()}
+The command executed throws an error: ${error.message}`,
+      {cause: error},
+    );
+  });
+
+  if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${createErrorMessageBase()}
+The command returned exit code ${logger.code(result.exitCode)}: ${logger.subdue(
+        result.stderr,
+      )}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return fs.realpath.native(result.stdout.trim());
+}
+
+// A Git "superproject" is a Git repository that contains submodules
+// See https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rev-parse#Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt---show-superproject-working-tree
+// See https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules
+export async function getGitSuperProjectRoot(
+  cwd: string,
+): Promise<string | null> {
+  const createErrorMessageBase = () => {
+    return `Couldn't find the git superproject root directory
+Failure while running ${logger.code(
+      'git rev-parse --show-superproject-working-tree',
+    )} from cwd=${logger.path(cwd)}`;
+  };
+
+  const result = await execa(
+    'git',
+    ['rev-parse', '--show-superproject-working-tree'],
+    {
+      cwd,
+    },
+  ).catch((error) => {
+    // We enter this rejection when cwd is not a dir for example
+    throw new Error(
+      `${createErrorMessageBase()}
+The command executed throws an error: ${error.message}`,
+      {cause: error},
+    );
+  });
+
+  if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${createErrorMessageBase()}
+The command returned exit code ${logger.code(result.exitCode)}: ${logger.subdue(
+        result.stderr,
+      )}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const output = result.stdout.trim();
+  // this command only works when inside submodules
+  // otherwise it doesn't return anything when we are inside the main repo
+  if (output) {
+    return fs.realpath.native(output);
+  }
+  return getGitRepoRoot(cwd);
+}
+
+// See https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules
+export async function getGitSubmodulePaths(cwd: string): Promise<string[]> {
+  const createErrorMessageBase = () => {
+    return `Couldn't read the list of git submodules
+Failure while running ${logger.code(
+      'git submodule status',
+    )} from cwd=${logger.path(cwd)}`;
+  };
+
+  const result = await execa('git', ['submodule', 'status'], {
+    cwd,
+  }).catch((error) => {
+    // We enter this rejection when cwd is not a dir for example
+    throw new Error(
+      `${createErrorMessageBase()}
+The command executed throws an error: ${error.message}`,
+      {cause: error},
+    );
+  });
+
+  if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `${createErrorMessageBase()}
+The command returned exit code ${logger.code(result.exitCode)}: ${logger.subdue(
+        result.stderr,
+      )}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const output = result.stdout.trim();
+
+  if (!output) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  /* The output may contain a space/-/+/U prefix, for example
+     1234567e3e35d1f5b submodules/foo (heads/main)
+    -9ab1f1d3a2d77b0a4 submodules/bar (heads/dev)
+    +f00ba42e1b3ddead submodules/baz (remotes/origin/main)
+    Udeadbeefcafe1234 submodules/qux
+   */
+  const getSubmodulePath = async (line: string) => {
+    const submodulePath = line.substring(1).split(' ')[1];
+    if (!submodulePath) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to parse git submodule line: ${line}`);
+    }
+    return submodulePath;
+  };
+
+  return Promise.all(output.split('\n').map(getSubmodulePath));
+}
+
+// Find the root git repository alongside all its submodules, if any
+export async function getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd: string): Promise<string[]> {
+  try {
+    const superProjectRoot = await getGitSuperProjectRoot(cwd);
+    if (!superProjectRoot) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    let submodulePaths = await getGitSubmodulePaths(superProjectRoot);
+    submodulePaths = await Promise.all(
+      submodulePaths.map((submodulePath) =>
+        fs.realpath.native(path.resolve(superProjectRoot, submodulePath)),
+      ),
+    );
+    return [superProjectRoot, ...submodulePaths];
+  } catch (error) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Could not get all the git repository root paths (superproject + submodules) from cwd=${cwd}`,
+      {cause: error},
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// Useful information about a file tracked in a Git repository
+export type GitFileInfo = {
+  creation: GitCommitInfo;
+  lastUpdate: GitCommitInfo;
+};
+
+// A map of all the files tracked in a Git repository
+export type GitFileInfoMap = Map<string, GitFileInfo>;
+
+// Logic inspired from Astro Starlight:
+// See https://bsky.app/profile/bluwy.me/post/3lyihod6qos2a
+// See https://github.com/withastro/starlight/blob/c417f1efd463be63b7230617d72b120caed098cd/packages/starlight/utils/git.ts#L58
+export async function getGitRepositoryFilesInfo(
+  cwd: string,
+): Promise<GitFileInfoMap> {
+  // git --no-pager -c log.showSignature=false log --format=t:%ct,a:%an --name-status
+  const result = await execa(
+    'git',
+    [
+      '--no-pager',
+      // Do not include GPG signature in the log output
+      // See https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10022
+      '-c',
+      'log.showSignature=false',
+      // The git command we want to run
+      'log',
+      // Format each history entry as t:<seconds since epoch>
+      '--format=t:%ct,a:%an',
+      // In each entry include the name and status for each modified file
+      '--name-status',
+
+      // For creation info, should we use --follow --find-renames=100% ???
+    ],
+    {
+      cwd,
+      encoding: 'utf-8',
+      // TODO use streaming to avoid a large buffer
+      // See https://github.com/withastro/starlight/issues/3154
+      maxBuffer: 20 * 1024 * 1024,
+    },
+  );
+
+  if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Docusaurus failed to run the 'git log' to retrieve tracked files last update date/author.
+The command exited with code ${result.exitCode}: ${result.stderr}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const logLines = result.stdout.split('\n');
+
+  const now = Date.now();
+
+  // TODO not fail-fast
+  let runningDate = now;
+  let runningAuthor = 'N/A';
+  const runningMap: GitFileInfoMap = new Map();
+
+  for (const logLine of logLines) {
+    if (logLine.startsWith('t:')) {
+      // t:<timestamp>,a:<author name>
+      const [timestampStr, authorStr] = logLine.split(',') as [string, string];
+      const timestamp = Number.parseInt(timestampStr.slice(2), 10) * 1000;
+      const author = authorStr.slice(2);
+
+      runningDate = timestamp;
+      runningAuthor = author;
+    }
+
+    // TODO the code below doesn't handle delete/move/rename operations properly
+    //  it returns files that no longer exist in the repo (deleted/moved)
+
+    // - Added files take the format `A\t<file>`
+    // - Modified files take the format `M\t<file>`
+    // - Deleted files take the format `D\t<file>`
+    // - Renamed files take the format `R<count>\t<old>\t<new>`
+    // - Copied files take the format `C<count>\t<old>\t<new>`
+    // The name of the file as of the commit being processed is always
+    // the last part of the log line.
+    const tabSplit = logLine.lastIndexOf('\t');
+    if (tabSplit === -1) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const relativeFile = logLine.slice(tabSplit + 1);
+
+    const currentFileInfo = runningMap.get(relativeFile);
+
+    const currentCreationTime = currentFileInfo?.creation.timestamp || now;
+    const newCreationTime = Math.min(currentCreationTime, runningDate);
+    const newCreation: GitCommitInfo =
+      !currentFileInfo || newCreationTime !== currentCreationTime
+        ? {timestamp: newCreationTime, author: runningAuthor}
+        : currentFileInfo.creation;
+
+    const currentLastUpdateTime = currentFileInfo?.lastUpdate.timestamp || 0;
+    const newLastUpdateTime = Math.max(currentLastUpdateTime, runningDate);
+    const newLastUpdate: GitCommitInfo =
+      !currentFileInfo || newLastUpdateTime !== currentLastUpdateTime
+        ? {timestamp: newLastUpdateTime, author: runningAuthor}
+        : currentFileInfo.lastUpdate;
+
+    runningMap.set(relativeFile, {
+      creation: newCreation,
+      lastUpdate: newLastUpdate,
+    });
+  }
+
+  return runningMap;
+}
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcs.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcs.ts
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {
+  VCS_HARDCODED_CREATION_INFO,
+  VCS_HARDCODED_LAST_UPDATE_INFO,
+  VCS_HARDCODED_UNTRACKED_FILE_PATH,
+  VcsHardcoded,
+} from './vcsHardcoded';
+import {VcsGitAdHoc} from './vcsGitAdHoc';
+import {VscGitEager} from './vcsGitEager';
+import {VcsDisabled} from './vcsDisabled';
+import {VcsDefaultV1} from './vcsDefaultV1';
+import {VcsDefaultV2} from './vcsDefaultV2';
+import type {VcsConfig, VcsPreset} from '@docusaurus/types';
+
+const VcsPresets: Record<VcsPreset, VcsConfig> = {
+  'git-ad-hoc': VcsGitAdHoc,
+  'git-eager': VscGitEager,
+  hardcoded: VcsHardcoded,
+  disabled: VcsDisabled,
+
+  'default-v1': VcsDefaultV1,
+  'default-v2': VcsDefaultV2,
+};
+
+export const VcsPresetNames = Object.keys(VcsPresets) as VcsPreset[];
+
+export function findVcsPreset(presetName: string): VcsConfig | undefined {
+  return VcsPresets[presetName as VcsPreset];
+}
+
+export function getVcsPreset(presetName: VcsPreset): VcsConfig {
+  const vcs = findVcsPreset(presetName);
+  if (vcs) {
+    return vcs;
+  } else {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Unknown Docusaurus VCS preset name: ${process.env.DOCUSAURUS_VCS}`,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+// Convenient export for writing unit tests depending on VCS
+export const TEST_VCS = {
+  CREATION_INFO: VCS_HARDCODED_CREATION_INFO,
+  LAST_UPDATE_INFO: VCS_HARDCODED_LAST_UPDATE_INFO,
+  UNTRACKED_FILE_PATH: VCS_HARDCODED_UNTRACKED_FILE_PATH,
+  ...VcsHardcoded,
+};
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsDefaultV1.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsDefaultV1.ts
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {VcsHardcoded} from './vcsHardcoded';
+import {VcsGitAdHoc} from './vcsGitAdHoc';
+import type {VcsConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
+
+function getDynamicStrategy(): VcsConfig {
+  return process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ||
+    process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test'
+    ? VcsHardcoded
+    : VcsGitAdHoc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This VCS implements the historical Git automatic strategy.
+ * It is only enabled in production mode, using ad-hoc git log commands.
+ */
+export const VcsDefaultV1: VcsConfig = {
+  initialize: (...params) => {
+    return getDynamicStrategy().initialize(...params);
+  },
+  getFileCreationInfo: (...params) => {
+    return getDynamicStrategy().getFileCreationInfo(...params);
+  },
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: (...params) => {
+    return getDynamicStrategy().getFileLastUpdateInfo(...params);
+  },
+};
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsDefaultV2.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsDefaultV2.ts
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {VcsHardcoded} from './vcsHardcoded';
+import {VscGitEager} from './vcsGitEager';
+import type {VcsConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
+
+function getStrategy(): VcsConfig {
+  return process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ||
+    process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test'
+    ? VcsHardcoded
+    : VscGitEager;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This VCS implements the new eager Git automatic strategy.
+ * It is only enabled in production mode, reading the git repository eagerly.
+ */
+export const VcsDefaultV2: VcsConfig = {
+  initialize: (...params) => {
+    return getStrategy().initialize(...params);
+  },
+  getFileCreationInfo: (...params) => {
+    return getStrategy().getFileCreationInfo(...params);
+  },
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: (...params) => {
+    return getStrategy().getFileLastUpdateInfo(...params);
+  },
+};
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsDisabled.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsDisabled.ts
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import type {VcsConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
+
+/**
+ * This VCS implementation always returns null values
+ */
+export const VcsDisabled: VcsConfig = {
+  initialize: () => {
+    // Noop
+  },
+
+  getFileCreationInfo: async (_filePath) => {
+    return null;
+  },
+
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: async (_ilePath) => {
+    return null;
+  },
+};
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsGitAdHoc.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsGitAdHoc.ts
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {getGitLastUpdate, getGitCreation} from './gitUtils';
+import type {VcsConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
+
+/**
+ * A VCS strategy to query Git information in an ad-hoc way.
+ * This is the default/historical Docusaurus Git VCS implementation.
+ * Unfortunately, it is a major bottleneck for large sites/repositories.
+ *
+ * See also https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/issues/11208
+ */
+export const VcsGitAdHoc: VcsConfig = {
+  initialize: () => {
+    // Nothing to do here for the default/historical Git implementation
+  },
+
+  getFileCreationInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+    return getGitCreation(filePath);
+  },
+
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+    return getGitLastUpdate(filePath);
+  },
+};
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsGitEager.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsGitEager.ts
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {resolve, basename} from 'node:path';
+import logger, {PerfLogger} from '@docusaurus/logger';
+import {getGitAllRepoRoots, getGitRepositoryFilesInfo} from './gitUtils';
+import type {GitFileInfo, GitFileInfoMap} from './gitUtils';
+import type {VcsConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
+
+// The Map keys should be absolute file paths, not relative Git paths
+function resolveFileInfoMapPaths(
+  repoRoot: string,
+  filesInfo: GitFileInfoMap,
+): GitFileInfoMap {
+  function transformMapEntry(
+    entry: [string, GitFileInfo],
+  ): [string, GitFileInfo] {
+    // We just resolve the Git paths that are relative to the repo root
+    return [resolve(repoRoot, entry[0]), entry[1]];
+  }
+
+  return new Map(Array.from(filesInfo.entries()).map(transformMapEntry));
+}
+
+function mergeFileMaps(fileMaps: GitFileInfoMap[]): GitFileInfoMap {
+  return new Map(fileMaps.flatMap((m) => [...m]));
+}
+
+async function loadAllGitFilesInfoMap(cwd: string): Promise<GitFileInfoMap> {
+  const roots = await PerfLogger.async('Reading Git root dirs', () =>
+    getGitAllRepoRoots(cwd),
+  );
+
+  const allMaps: GitFileInfoMap[] = await Promise.all(
+    roots.map(async (root) => {
+      const map = await PerfLogger.async(
+        `Reading Git history for repo ${logger.path(basename(root))}`,
+        () => getGitRepositoryFilesInfo(root),
+      );
+      return resolveFileInfoMapPaths(root, map);
+    }),
+  );
+
+  return mergeFileMaps(allMaps);
+}
+
+function createGitVcsConfig(): VcsConfig {
+  let filesMapPromise: Promise<GitFileInfoMap> | null = null;
+
+  async function getGitFileInfo(filePath: string): Promise<GitFileInfo | null> {
+    const filesMap = await filesMapPromise;
+    return filesMap?.get(filePath) ?? null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    initialize: ({siteDir}) => {
+      if (filesMapPromise) {
+        // We only initialize this VCS once!
+        // For i18n sites, this permits reading ahead of time for all locales
+        // so that it only slows down the first locale
+        // I assume this logic is fine, but we'll see if it causes trouble
+
+        // Note: we could also only call "initialize()" once from the outside,
+        // But maybe it could be useful for custom VCS implementations to be
+        // able to initialize once per locale?
+        PerfLogger.log(
+          'Git Eager VCS strategy already initialized, skipping re-initialization',
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      filesMapPromise = PerfLogger.async('Git Eager VCS init', () =>
+        loadAllGitFilesInfoMap(siteDir),
+      );
+      filesMapPromise.catch((error) => {
+        console.error(
+          'Failed to initialize the Docusaurus Git Eager VCS strategy',
+          error,
+        );
+      });
+    },
+
+    getFileCreationInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+      const fileInfo = await getGitFileInfo(filePath);
+      return fileInfo?.creation ?? null;
+    },
+
+    getFileLastUpdateInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+      const fileInfo = await getGitFileInfo(filePath);
+      return fileInfo?.lastUpdate ?? null;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export const VscGitEager: VcsConfig = createGitVcsConfig();
--- a/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsHardcoded.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-utils/src/vcs/vcsHardcoded.ts
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import type {VcsConfig, VcsChangeInfo} from '@docusaurus/types';
+
+export const VCS_HARDCODED_CREATION_INFO: VcsChangeInfo = {
+  timestamp: 1490997600000, // 1st Apr 2017
+  author: 'Creator',
+};
+
+export const VCS_HARDCODED_LAST_UPDATE_INFO: VcsChangeInfo = {
+  timestamp: 1539502055000, // 14th Oct 2018
+  author: 'Author',
+};
+
+export const VCS_HARDCODED_UNTRACKED_FILE_PATH = `file/path/${Math.random()}.mdx`;
+
+/**
+ * This VCS implementation always returns hardcoded values for testing purposes.
+ * It is also useful in dev environments where VCS info is not important.
+ * Reading information from the VCS can be slow and is not always necessary.
+ */
+export const VcsHardcoded: VcsConfig = {
+  initialize: () => {
+    // Noop
+  },
+
+  getFileCreationInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+    if (filePath === VCS_HARDCODED_UNTRACKED_FILE_PATH) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return VCS_HARDCODED_CREATION_INFO;
+  },
+
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+    if (filePath === VCS_HARDCODED_UNTRACKED_FILE_PATH) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return VCS_HARDCODED_LAST_UPDATE_INFO;
+  },
+};
--- a/packages/docusaurus/package.json
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/package.json
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
    "escape-html": "^1.0.3",
    "eta": "^2.2.0",
    "eval": "^0.1.8",
-    "execa": "5.1.1",
+    "execa": "^5.1.1",
    "fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
    "html-tags": "^3.3.1",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^5.6.0",
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/commands/build/build.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/commands/build/build.ts
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import fs from 'fs-extra';
 import logger, {PerfLogger} from '@docusaurus/logger';
 import {mapAsyncSequential} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {type LoadContextParams} from '../../server/site';
-import {loadI18nLocaleList} from '../../server/i18n';
+import {getLocaleList} from '../../server/i18n';
 import {buildLocale, type BuildLocaleParams} from './buildLocale';
 import {loadSiteConfig} from '../../server/config';

@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ async function getLocalesToBuild({

  const locales =
    cliOptions.locale ??
-    loadI18nLocaleList({
+    getLocaleList({
      i18nConfig: siteConfig.i18n,
      currentLocale: siteConfig.i18n.defaultLocale, // Awkward but ok
    });
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/commands/build/buildLocale.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/commands/build/buildLocale.ts
@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ export type BuildLocaleParams = {
 };

 const SkipBundling = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_SKIP_BUNDLING === 'true';
+const ReturnAfterLoading = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_RETURN_AFTER_LOADING === 'true';
 const ExitAfterLoading = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_EXIT_AFTER_LOADING === 'true';
 const ExitAfterBundling = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_EXIT_AFTER_BUNDLING === 'true';

@ -61,6 +62,9 @@ export async function buildLocale({
    }),
  );

+  if (ReturnAfterLoading) {
+    return;
+  }
  if (ExitAfterLoading) {
    return process.exit(0);
  }
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/tests/snapshots/config.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/tests/snapshots/config.test.ts.snap
@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with .cjs siteConfig 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -23,6 +24,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with .cjs siteConfig 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -88,6 +94,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with ts + js config 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -102,6 +109,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with ts + js config 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -167,6 +179,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid JS CJS config 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -181,6 +194,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid JS CJS config 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -246,6 +264,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid JS ESM config 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -260,6 +279,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid JS ESM config 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -325,6 +349,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid TypeScript CJS config 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -339,6 +364,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid TypeScript CJS config 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -404,6 +434,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid TypeScript ESM config 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -418,6 +449,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid TypeScript ESM config 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -483,6 +519,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid async config 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -497,6 +534,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid async config 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -564,6 +606,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid async config creator function 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -578,6 +621,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid async config creator function 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -645,6 +693,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid config creator function 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -659,6 +708,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid config creator function 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -729,6 +783,7 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid siteConfig 1`] = `
    "favicon": "img/docusaurus.ico",
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -743,6 +798,11 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid siteConfig 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/tests/snapshots/site.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/tests/snapshots/site.test.ts.snap
@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ exports[`loadSite custom-i18n-site loads site 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -103,6 +104,11 @@ exports[`loadSite custom-i18n-site loads site 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -256,6 +262,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl loads site - custom config 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -270,6 +277,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl loads site - custom config 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -415,6 +427,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl loads site - custom outDir 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -429,6 +442,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl loads site - custom outDir 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -574,6 +592,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl loads site 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -588,6 +607,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl loads site 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -777,6 +801,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site -  locale fr + custom
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -791,6 +816,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site -  locale fr + custom
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -1002,6 +1032,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - custom outDir 1`] =
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -1016,6 +1047,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - custom outDir 1`] =
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -1227,6 +1263,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale de 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -1241,6 +1278,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale de 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -1452,6 +1494,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale en 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -1466,6 +1509,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale en 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -1677,6 +1725,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale es 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -1691,6 +1740,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale es 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -1902,6 +1956,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale fr 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -1916,6 +1971,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale fr 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -2127,6 +2187,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale it 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -2141,6 +2202,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site - locale it 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
@ -2352,6 +2418,7 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site 1`] = `
    "customFields": {},
    "future": {
      "experimental_faster": {
+        "gitEagerVcs": false,
        "lightningCssMinimizer": false,
        "mdxCrossCompilerCache": false,
        "rspackBundler": false,
@ -2366,6 +2433,11 @@ exports[`loadSite simple-site-with-baseUrl-i18n loads site 1`] = `
        "namespace": false,
        "type": "localStorage",
      },
+      "experimental_vcs": {
+        "getFileCreationInfo": [Function],
+        "getFileLastUpdateInfo": [Function],
+        "initialize": [Function],
+      },
      "v4": {
        "removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute": false,
        "useCssCascadeLayers": false,
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/tests/configValidation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/tests/configValidation.test.ts
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 */

 import {jest} from '@jest/globals';
+import {getVcsPreset} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {
  ConfigSchema,
  DEFAULT_CONFIG,
@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ import type {
  PluginConfig,
  I18nConfig,
  I18nLocaleConfig,
+  VcsConfig,
+  VcsPreset,
 } from '@docusaurus/types';
 import type {DeepPartial} from 'utility-types';

@ -68,11 +71,17 @@ describe('normalizeConfig', () => {
          rspackBundler: true,
          rspackPersistentCache: true,
          ssgWorkerThreads: true,
+          gitEagerVcs: true,
        },
        experimental_storage: {
          type: 'sessionStorage',
          namespace: true,
        },
+        experimental_vcs: {
+          initialize: (_params) => {},
+          getFileCreationInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+          getFileLastUpdateInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+        },
        experimental_router: 'hash',
      },
      tagline: 'my awesome site',
@ -1076,6 +1085,12 @@ describe('future', () => {
        rspackBundler: true,
        rspackPersistentCache: true,
        ssgWorkerThreads: true,
+        gitEagerVcs: true,
+      },
+      experimental_vcs: {
+        initialize: (_params) => {},
+        getFileCreationInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+        getFileLastUpdateInfo: (_filePath) => null,
      },
      experimental_storage: {
        type: 'sessionStorage',
@ -1394,6 +1409,196 @@ describe('future', () => {
    });
  });

+  describe('vcs', () => {
+    function vcsContaining(vcs: Partial<VcsConfig>) {
+      return futureContaining({
+        experimental_vcs: expect.objectContaining(vcs),
+      });
+    }
+
+    describe('base', () => {
+      it('accepts vcs - undefined', () => {
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: undefined,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(
+          futureContaining({
+            ...DEFAULT_FUTURE_CONFIG,
+            experimental_vcs: getVcsPreset('default-v1'),
+          }),
+        );
+      });
+
+      it('accepts vcs - true', () => {
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: true,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(
+          futureContaining({
+            ...DEFAULT_FUTURE_CONFIG,
+            experimental_vcs: getVcsPreset('default-v1'),
+          }),
+        );
+      });
+
+      it('accepts vcs - false', () => {
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: false,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(
+          futureContaining({
+            ...DEFAULT_FUTURE_CONFIG,
+            experimental_vcs: getVcsPreset('disabled'),
+          }),
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('presets', () => {
+      it('accepts git-ad-hoc', () => {
+        const presetName: VcsPreset = 'git-ad-hoc';
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: presetName,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(vcsContaining(getVcsPreset(presetName)));
+      });
+
+      it('accepts git-eager', () => {
+        const presetName: VcsPreset = 'git-eager';
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: presetName,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(vcsContaining(getVcsPreset(presetName)));
+      });
+
+      it('accepts hardcoded', () => {
+        const presetName: VcsPreset = 'hardcoded';
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: presetName,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(vcsContaining(getVcsPreset(presetName)));
+      });
+
+      it('rejects unknown preset name', () => {
+        // @ts-expect-error: invalid on purpose
+        const presetName: VcsPreset = 'unknown-preset-name';
+        expect(() =>
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: presetName,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+          ""future.experimental_vcs" failed custom validation because VCS config preset name 'unknown-preset-name' is not valid.
+          "
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('object config', () => {
+      it('accepts vcs - full', () => {
+        const vcs: VcsConfig = {
+          initialize: (_params) => {},
+          getFileCreationInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+          getFileLastUpdateInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+        };
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: vcs,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(vcsContaining(vcs));
+      });
+
+      it('rejects vcs - empty', () => {
+        expect(() =>
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {experimental_vcs: {}},
+          }),
+        ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+          ""future.experimental_vcs" failed custom validation because "initialize" is required
+          "
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it('accepts vcs - bad initialize() arity', () => {
+        const vcs: VcsConfig = {
+          // @ts-expect-error: invalid arity
+          initialize: (_params, _extraParam) => {},
+          getFileCreationInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+          getFileLastUpdateInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+        };
+        expect(() =>
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: vcs,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+          ""future.experimental_vcs" failed custom validation because "initialize" must have an arity lesser or equal to 1
+          "
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it('accepts vcs - bad getFileCreationInfo() arity', () => {
+        const vcs: VcsConfig = {
+          initialize: (_params) => {},
+          // @ts-expect-error: invalid arity
+          getFileCreationInfo: (_filePath, _extraParam) => null,
+          getFileLastUpdateInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+        };
+        expect(() =>
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: vcs,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+          ""future.experimental_vcs" failed custom validation because "getFileCreationInfo" must have an arity of 1
+          "
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it('accepts vcs - bad getFileLastUpdateInfo() arity', () => {
+        const vcs: VcsConfig = {
+          initialize: (_params) => {},
+          getFileCreationInfo: (_filePath) => null,
+          // @ts-expect-error: invalid arity
+          getFileLastUpdateInfo: (_filePath, _extraParam) => null,
+        };
+        expect(() =>
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_vcs: vcs,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+          ""future.experimental_vcs" failed custom validation because "getFileLastUpdateInfo" must have an arity of 1
+          "
+        `);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
  describe('faster', () => {
    function fasterContaining(faster: Partial<FasterConfig>) {
      return futureContaining({
@ -1429,6 +1634,7 @@ describe('future', () => {
        rspackBundler: true,
        rspackPersistentCache: true,
        ssgWorkerThreads: true,
+        gitEagerVcs: true,
      };
      expect(
        normalizeConfig({
@ -2141,6 +2347,87 @@ describe('future', () => {
        `);
      });
    });
+
+    describe('gitEagerVcs', () => {
+      it('accepts - undefined', () => {
+        const faster: Partial<FasterConfig> = {
+          gitEagerVcs: undefined,
+        };
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_faster: faster,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(fasterContaining({gitEagerVcs: false}));
+      });
+
+      it('accepts - true', () => {
+        const faster: Partial<FasterConfig> = {
+          gitEagerVcs: true,
+        };
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_faster: faster,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(
+          futureContaining({
+            experimental_faster: expect.objectContaining(faster),
+            experimental_vcs: getVcsPreset('default-v2'),
+          }),
+        );
+      });
+
+      it('accepts - false', () => {
+        const faster: Partial<FasterConfig> = {
+          gitEagerVcs: false,
+        };
+        expect(
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_faster: faster,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toEqual(
+          futureContaining({
+            experimental_faster: expect.objectContaining(faster),
+            experimental_vcs: getVcsPreset('default-v1'),
+          }),
+        );
+      });
+
+      it('rejects - null', () => {
+        // @ts-expect-error: invalid
+        const faster: Partial<FasterConfig> = {gitEagerVcs: 42};
+        expect(() =>
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_faster: faster,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+          ""future.experimental_faster.gitEagerVcs" must be a boolean
+          "
+        `);
+      });
+
+      it('rejects - number', () => {
+        // @ts-expect-error: invalid
+        const faster: Partial<FasterConfig> = {gitEagerVcs: 42};
+        expect(() =>
+          normalizeConfig({
+            future: {
+              experimental_faster: faster,
+            },
+          }),
+        ).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(`
+          ""future.experimental_faster.gitEagerVcs" must be a boolean
+          "
+        `);
+      });
+    });
  });

  describe('v4', () => {
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/configValidation.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/configValidation.ts
@ -6,27 +6,31 @@
 */

 import {
+  DEFAULT_I18N_DIR_NAME,
  DEFAULT_PARSE_FRONT_MATTER,
  DEFAULT_STATIC_DIR_NAME,
-  DEFAULT_I18N_DIR_NAME,
+  getVcsPreset,
+  VcsPresetNames,
 } from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import {Joi, printWarning} from '@docusaurus/utils-validation';
 import {
-  addTrailingSlash,
  addLeadingSlash,
+  addTrailingSlash,
  removeTrailingSlash,
 } from '@docusaurus/utils-common';
 import logger from '@docusaurus/logger';
 import type {
+  DocusaurusConfig,
  FasterConfig,
  FutureConfig,
  FutureV4Config,
-  StorageConfig,
-  DocusaurusConfig,
  I18nConfig,
+  I18nLocaleConfig,
  MarkdownConfig,
  MarkdownHooks,
-  I18nLocaleConfig,
+  StorageConfig,
+  VcsConfig,
+  VcsPreset,
 } from '@docusaurus/types';

 const DEFAULT_I18N_LOCALE = 'en';
@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_FASTER_CONFIG: FasterConfig = {
  rspackBundler: false,
  rspackPersistentCache: false,
  ssgWorkerThreads: false,
+  gitEagerVcs: false,
 };

 // When using the "faster: true" shortcut
@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_FASTER_CONFIG_TRUE: FasterConfig = {
  rspackBundler: true,
  rspackPersistentCache: true,
  ssgWorkerThreads: true,
+  gitEagerVcs: true,
 };

 export const DEFAULT_FUTURE_V4_CONFIG: FutureV4Config = {
@ -106,6 +112,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_FUTURE_CONFIG: FutureConfig = {
  v4: DEFAULT_FUTURE_V4_CONFIG,
  experimental_faster: DEFAULT_FASTER_CONFIG,
  experimental_storage: DEFAULT_STORAGE_CONFIG,
+  experimental_vcs: getVcsPreset('default-v1'),
  experimental_router: 'browser',
 };

@ -291,6 +298,7 @@ const FASTER_CONFIG_SCHEMA = Joi.alternatives()
      ssgWorkerThreads: Joi.boolean().default(
        DEFAULT_FASTER_CONFIG.ssgWorkerThreads,
      ),
+      gitEagerVcs: Joi.boolean().default(DEFAULT_FASTER_CONFIG.gitEagerVcs),
    }),
    Joi.boolean()
      .required()
@ -331,10 +339,41 @@ const STORAGE_CONFIG_SCHEMA = Joi.object({
  .optional()
  .default(DEFAULT_STORAGE_CONFIG);

+const VCS_CONFIG_OBJECT_SCHEMA = Joi.object<VcsConfig>({
+  // All the fields are required on purpose
+  // You either provide a full VCS config or nothing
+  initialize: Joi.function().maxArity(1).required(),
+  getFileCreationInfo: Joi.function().arity(1).required(),
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: Joi.function().arity(1).required(),
+});
+
+const VCS_CONFIG_SCHEMA = Joi.custom((input) => {
+  if (typeof input === 'string') {
+    const presetName = input as VcsPreset;
+    if (!VcsPresetNames.includes(presetName)) {
+      throw new Error(`VCS config preset name '${input}' is not valid.`);
+    }
+    return getVcsPreset(presetName);
+  }
+  if (typeof input === 'boolean') {
+    // We return the boolean on purpose
+    // We'll normalize it to a real VcsConfig later
+    // This is annoying, but we have to read the future flag to switch to the
+    // new "default-v2" config (not easy to do it here)
+    return input;
+  }
+  const {error, value} = VCS_CONFIG_OBJECT_SCHEMA.validate(input);
+  if (error) {
+    throw error;
+  }
+  return value;
+}).default(true);
+
 const FUTURE_CONFIG_SCHEMA = Joi.object<FutureConfig>({
  v4: FUTURE_V4_SCHEMA,
  experimental_faster: FASTER_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
  experimental_storage: STORAGE_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+  experimental_vcs: VCS_CONFIG_SCHEMA,
  experimental_router: Joi.string()
    .equal('browser', 'hash')
    .default(DEFAULT_FUTURE_CONFIG.experimental_router),
@ -498,6 +537,17 @@ Please migrate and move this option to code=${'siteConfig.markdown.hooks.onBroke
    config.onBrokenMarkdownLinks = undefined;
  }

+  // We normalize the VCS config when using a boolean value
+  if (typeof config.future.experimental_vcs === 'boolean') {
+    const vcsConfig = config.future.experimental_vcs
+      ? config.future.experimental_faster.gitEagerVcs
+        ? getVcsPreset('default-v2')
+        : getVcsPreset('default-v1')
+      : getVcsPreset('disabled');
+
+    config.future.experimental_vcs = vcsConfig;
+  }
+
  if (
    config.future.experimental_faster.ssgWorkerThreads &&
    !config.future.v4.removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/i18n.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/i18n.ts
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Make sure it is a valid BCP 47 locale name (e.g. en, fr, fr-FR, etc.) and/or pro
  }
 }

-export function loadI18nLocaleList({
+export function getLocaleList({
  i18nConfig,
  currentLocale,
 }: {
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ export async function loadI18n({
 }): Promise<I18n> {
  const {i18n: i18nConfig} = config;

-  const locales = loadI18nLocaleList({
+  const locales = getLocaleList({
    i18nConfig,
    currentLocale,
  });
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/site.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/site.ts
@ -101,6 +101,15 @@ export async function loadContext(
    }),
  });

+  // Not sure where is the best place to put this VCS initialization call?
+  // The sooner is probably the better
+  // Note: we don't await the result on purpose!
+  // VCS initialization can be slow for large repos, and we don't want to block
+  // VCS integrations should be carefully designed to avoid blocking
+  PerfLogger.async('VCS init', () => {
+    return initialSiteConfig.future.experimental_vcs.initialize({siteDir});
+  });
+
  const currentBundler = await getCurrentBundler({
    siteConfig: initialSiteConfig,
  });
--- a/project-words.txt
+++ b/project-words.txt
@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ Sucipto
 sunsetting
 Supabase
 supabase
+superproject
 svgs
 swizzlable
 Sébastien
@ -335,6 +336,7 @@ twoslash
 typesafe
 Typesense
 typesense
+Udeadbeefcafe
 Unavatar
 unlinkable
 Unlisteds
--- a/website/docs/api/docusaurus.config.js.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/api/docusaurus.config.js.mdx
@ -266,10 +266,100 @@ export default {
  - [`rspackPersistentCache`](https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10931): Use [Rspack Persistent Cache](https://rspack.dev/config/cache) to re-build your app faster on subsequent builds. Requires `rspackBundler: true`. Requires persisting `./node_modules/.cache` across rebuilds.
  - [`mdxCrossCompilerCache`](https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10479): Compile MDX files only once for both browser/Node.js environments instead of twice.
  - [`ssgWorkerThreads`](https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/10826): Using a Node.js worker thread pool to execute the static site generation phase faster. Requires `future.v4.removeLegacyPostBuildHeadAttribute` to be turned on.
+  - [`gitEagerVcs`](https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/pull/11512): Upgrades the default [VCS strategy](#vcs) to `default-v2`, that reads your whole Git repository at once instead of per-file, making Git operations faster on large repositories.
 - `experimental_storage`: Site-wide browser storage options that theme authors should strive to respect.
  - `type`: The browser storage theme authors should use. Possible values are `localStorage` and `sessionStorage`. Defaults to `localStorage`.
  - `namespace`: Whether to namespace the browser storage keys to avoid storage key conflicts when Docusaurus sites are hosted under the same domain, or on localhost. Possible values are `string | boolean`. The namespace is appended at the end of the storage keys `key-namespace`. Use `true` to automatically generate a random namespace from your site `url + baseUrl`. Defaults to `false` (no namespace, historical behavior).
 - `experimental_router`: The router type to use. Possible values are `browser` and `hash`. Defaults to `browser`. The `hash` router is only useful for rare cases where you want to opt-out of static site generation, have a fully client-side app with a single `index.html` entrypoint file. This can be useful to distribute a Docusaurus site as a `.zip` archive that you can [browse locally without running a web server](https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/issues/3825).
+- [`experimental_vcs`](#vcs): The Version Control System (VCS) implementation to use to read file info (creation/last update date/author). Read the [dedicated section](#vcs) below for details.
+
+#### `experimental_vcs` {#vcs}
+
+This exposes an API that lets you provide your own Version Control System (VCS) implementation to read file info (creation/last update date/author).
+
+```ts
+export default {
+  future: {
+    experimental_vcs: {
+      initialize: ({siteDir}) => {
+        // Initialize your VCS client here.
+        // If you want to read your VCS eagerly/incrementally on startup,
+        // this is the place to do it.
+        // This function is synchronous on purpose and not awaited
+        // It should not delay Docusaurus startup, but be run in parallel.
+      },
+      getFileCreationInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+        // Provide your own implementation to read file creation info.
+        return getFileCreationInfo(filePath);
+      },
+      getFileLastUpdateInfo: async (filePath: string) => {
+        // Provide your own implementation to read file creation info.
+        return getFileLastUpdateInfo(filePath);
+      },
+    },
+  },
+};
+```
+
+##### VCS Presets {#vcs-presets}
+
+It is possible to pass a boolean VCS value:
+
+- `true`: enables the default VCS preset (`default-v1` or `default-v2`, depending on the Docusaurus Faster `gitEagerVcs` flag value)
+- `false`: disables the VCS, always returns `null` for all files
+
+```ts
+export default {
+  future: {
+    experimental_vcs: true, // Enables the default VCS preset
+  },
+};
+```
+
+It is also possible to choose VCS preset we provide out of the box by its name.
+
+```ts
+export default {
+  future: {
+    experimental_vcs: 'presetName',
+  },
+};
+```
+
+The available preset names are:
+
+- `git-ad-hoc`: the historical `git log <filename>` based strategy.
+- `git-eager`: the new Git strategy that reads your whole repository upfront.
+- `hardcoded`: returns hardcoded value, useful in dev/tests to speed up developer experience.
+- `disabled`: returns `null` for all files, considering them untracked.
+- `default-v1`: the historical default (`git-ad-hoc` in prod, `hardcoded` in dev)
+- `default-v2`: the upcoming default (`git-eager` in prod, `hardcoded` in dev)
+
+Unless you have specific needs, we recommend using the default presets (`default-v1` or `default-v2`), that skip reading file info in development mode for better performance.
+
+##### VCS Types {#vcs-types}
+
+```ts
+type VcsChangeInfo = {timestamp: number; author: string};
+
+type VscInitializeParams = {
+  siteDir: string;
+};
+
+type VcsConfig = {
+  initialize: (params: VscInitializeParams) => void;
+  getFileCreationInfo: (filePath: string) => Promise<VcsChangeInfo | null>;
+  getFileLastUpdateInfo: (filePath: string) => Promise<VcsChangeInfo | null>;
+};
+
+type VcsPreset =
+  | 'git-ad-hoc'
+  | 'git-eager'
+  | 'hardcoded'
+  | 'disabled'
+  | 'default-v1'
+  | 'default-v2';
+```

 ### `noIndex` {#noIndex}

@ -540,7 +630,7 @@ type MDX1CompatOptions =
      headingIds: boolean;
    };

-export type ParseFrontMatter = (params: {
+type ParseFrontMatter = (params: {
  filePath: string;
  fileContent: string;
  defaultParseFrontMatter: ParseFrontMatter;
--- a/website/docusaurus.config.ts
+++ b/website/docusaurus.config.ts
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import ConfigLocalized from './docusaurus.config.localized.json';
 import PrismLight from './src/utils/prismLight';
 import PrismDark from './src/utils/prismDark';

-import type {Config, DocusaurusConfig} from '@docusaurus/types';
+import type {Config, DocusaurusConfig, VcsPreset} from '@docusaurus/types';

 import type * as Preset from '@docusaurus/preset-classic';
 import type {Options as DocsOptions} from '@docusaurus/plugin-content-docs';
@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ if (isSlower) {
 const router = process.env
  .DOCUSAURUS_ROUTER as DocusaurusConfig['future']['experimental_router'];

+const vcs = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_SITE_VCS as VcsPreset;
+
 const isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development';

 // See https://docs.netlify.com/configure-builds/environment-variables/
@ -160,7 +162,8 @@ function getLocalizedConfigValue(key: keyof typeof ConfigLocalized) {
 // By default, we don't want to run "git log" commands on i18n sites
 // This makes localized sites build much slower on Netlify
 // See also https://github.com/facebook/docusaurus/issues/11208
-const showLastUpdate = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_CURRENT_LOCALE === defaultLocale;
+// const showLastUpdate = process.env.DOCUSAURUS_CURRENT_LOCALE === defaultLocale;
+const showLastUpdate = true;

 export default async function createConfigAsync() {
  return {
@ -185,10 +188,12 @@ export default async function createConfigAsync() {
            rspackBundler: true,
            rspackPersistentCache: true,
            ssgWorkerThreads: true,
+            gitEagerVcs: true,
          },
      experimental_storage: {
        namespace: true,
      },
+      experimental_vcs: vcs,
      experimental_router: router,
    },
    // Dogfood both settings:
--- a/website/package.json
+++ b/website/package.json
@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
    "@mermaid-js/layout-elk": "^0.1.9",
    "clsx": "^2.0.0",
    "color": "^4.2.3",
+    "execa": "^5.1.1",
    "fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
    "netlify-plugin-cache": "^1.0.3",
    "raw-loader": "^4.0.2",
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@ -6088,9 +6088,9 @@ caniuse-api@^3.0.0:
    lodash.uniq "^4.5.0"

 caniuse-lite@^1.0.0, caniuse-lite@^1.0.30001702, caniuse-lite@^1.0.30001718:
-  version "1.0.30001721"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/caniuse-lite/-/caniuse-lite-1.0.30001721.tgz#36b90cd96901f8c98dd6698bf5c8af7d4c6872d7"
-  integrity sha512-cOuvmUVtKrtEaoKiO0rSc29jcjwMwX5tOHDy4MgVFEWiUXj4uBMJkwI8MDySkgXidpMiHUcviogAvFi4pA2hDQ==
+  version "1.0.30001754"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/caniuse-lite/-/caniuse-lite-1.0.30001754.tgz#7758299d9a72cce4e6b038788a15b12b44002759"
+  integrity sha512-x6OeBXueoAceOmotzx3PO4Zpt4rzpeIFsSr6AAePTZxSkXiYDUmpypEl7e2+8NCd9bD7bXjqyef8CJYPC1jfxg==

 ccount@^2.0.0:
  version "2.0.1"
@ -8790,7 +8790,7 @@ execa@5.0.0:
    signal-exit "^3.0.3"
    strip-final-newline "^2.0.0"

-execa@5.1.1, execa@^5.0.0:
+execa@^5.0.0, execa@^5.1.1:
  version "5.1.1"
  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/execa/-/execa-5.1.1.tgz#f80ad9cbf4298f7bd1d4c9555c21e93741c411dd"
  integrity sha512-8uSpZZocAZRBAPIEINJj3Lo9HyGitllczc27Eh5YYojjMFMn8yHMDMaUHE2Jqfq05D/wucwI4JGURyXt1vchyg==